This article aims to synthesize relevant literature underpinning the implementation of lean principles in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector. The focus is on the challenges and benefits to promoting lean application and sustainability efforts within the AEC sector in the sub-Saharan African region. The discourse centers on a descriptive analysis of the selected articles that specifically relate to the challenges and prospects of lean implementation in the AEC sector within the last six years. Findings from the literature review suggest that the prospects of lean applications by far surpass the challenging barriers. The limitations are mainly due to lack of appropriate knowledge on the specific application techniques for the construction tasks/processes. Furthermore, findings suggest that the implementation of lean principles promotes environmental sustainability, allows for refining construction processes to suit peculiarities, and encourages continuous improvements of processes, services, products, and stakeholders' development. Specific contextual adaptations to address regional-based requirements for lean implementation are recommended.

Lean in higher education (LHE) is pursued for the reasons of improving efficiency and effectiveness of processes in High Education (HE). This review paper focuses on LHE within the university system to propose the implementation of lean culture and management into research and practices of South Africa universities, via a descriptive case study research method. The underpinning literature suggests that although the prospects of LHE has positive impact on both academic and non-academic practices in HE, however, research has also acknowledged some challenges. These challenges include; lack of strategic planning and limited knowledge on the interpretation of the lean philosophy and implementation. Three universities were used as case studies to ascertain their areas of successes with LHE implementation. This paper contributes to the LHE discourse and offers an option for the South Africa universities to strategize for improved academic outcomes and effective administrative processes. South African has been acknowledged to lead its Sub-Saharan African region in research and thus, the integration of LHE in the universities' systems would positively impact this region and beyond. Furthermore, the paper recommends specific contextual adaptations of models tailored to meet individual institutional requirements and at the same time promote sustainable development.

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