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In order to implement clean energy transition programmes, the national and sub-national governments in Nigeria will incur certain costs. Similarly, failure to implement the policies will come with some costs. This chapter therefore considers the fiscal policy implications of Nigerian governments’ implementation of clean energy transition policies in the country. The analysis also reveals that the observed reluctance of Nigerian governments in implementing the policies is obviously unconnected with their dependence on oil revenues. The study further shows the fiscal policy implications of Nigerian governments’ inaction especially when other countries implement their clean energy transition policies. The study concludes that to implement clean energy policies, Nigerian governments may not necessarily increase cost, but prioritize clean energy projects.

Reduced inequality and gender equality are parts of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) towards global development, but the financial sector appears daunted in respect of financial inclusion for these noble goals. Concerns are more on gender inequality in the area of full utilisation of financial and human resources. Hence, this study investigated the impact of financial inclusion on gender inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. The study employed the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation method on panel data on some countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The result of the study revealed that financial inclusion substantially reduced gender inequality. Financial inclusion access was found to drive down gender inequality more than usage. Female educational levels were found to have a substantial but negative impact on gender inequality. This study recommends that there is a need for an increase in commercial bank branches to increase accessibility to financial services. The government should increase its expenditure, and this should be channelled towards financial development and higher levels of education for females to improve financial literacy.

There seems to be a vicious cycle between climate change and income inequality. Hence, this study examined the existence of a feedback relationship between climate change and income inequality in Nigeria. The study employed an annual data series for the period from 1980 to 2020. Income inequality was measured by Gini while climate change was captured by temperature. The upshot of the study revealed that there is a feedback substantial connectivity between climate change and income inequality. The impact of climate change on income inequality conformed to the U-shaped hypothesis. Other factors of climate change were population growth, economic development, and emission of carbon dioxide. Hence, the study pertinently advocates and recommends effective population control, reduction of income inequality through the provision of employment and education, and the supply of modern and efficient energy in the purse of economic growth and development.