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This study, using Andersen's health care utilization model, examined how predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, need, personal health practices, and psychological factors influence health care utilization using a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of Canadian adolescents. Second, this study examined whether this process varies across physicians, non‐physicians, and dentists. The results indicate that need and psychological factors were strong determinants of utilization. Predisposing factors were associated with utilization, although there were few enabling resources. Differences were found for utilization of different services. Females, adolescents who were older, from single parent families, with lower self‐rated health, lower health status, higher disability, higher distress and involved in health compromizing practices were more likely to visit physicians and non‐physicians. Higher dentist utilization was related to higher income, single parent status, being younger, having lower health status, and higher disability. Predisposing and enabling factors were not mediators of utilization. The findings suggest that health care providers could be an important source of counselling on psychological, lifestyle issues, and physical concerns.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. These measures included closures of educational institutions, non-essential businesses, events and activities, as well as working from and staying at home requirements. These measures have led to an economic downturn of unprecedented proportions. Generally, as economic activity declines, travel decreases and drivers are exposed to a lower risk of collisions. However, research on previous economic downturns suggests economic downturns differentially affect driver behaviours and situations. COVID-19 pandemic effects on road safety are currently unknown. However, preliminary information on factors such as the increased stress and anxiety brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, more "free" (idle) time, increased consumption of alcohol and drugs, and greater opportunities for speeding and stunt driving, might well have the opposite effect on road safety. Using an interactionist model we identify research questions for researchers to consider on potential person and situation factors associated with COVID-19 that could affect road safety during and after the pandemic. Collaborative efforts by researchers, and public and private sectors will be needed to gather data and develop road safety strategies in relation to the new reality of COVID-19. Health Organization, 2020). By March 2020, the WHO had declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic with 216 countries, areas or territories showing 10,719,646 cases and 517,337 deaths combined as of July 2, 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020). This pandemic led to a series of worldwide public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. In many countries the measures included physical distancing measures, such as the "lockdown" of educational institutions, restaurants, bars, retail and other non-essential businesses, banning public events, such as sporting events, concerts, theatre shows and encouraging or requiring teleworking from home

Benzodiazepine users were found to be at a significantly increased risk of MVCs compared to nonusers, and these differences may be accounted for by a difficulty in maintaining road position.

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