This research objective was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke (Paricá) and Cecropia palmata Willd (Embaúba) timbers for the production of veneers and external plywood using two types of adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde and tannin-formaldehyde, and different veneer compositions. The trees were harvested in a planted forest area from gap enrichment in the municipality of Dom Eliseu, Pará state. The Pinus elliottii timber was used as the reference and was donated by a company located in the municipality of Irati, Paraná state. The panels were produced with pure timber of the three species, and two combinations between the paricá and embaúba species, using a resin weight of 145 g m 2 in single line. The veneers yield for the paricá was 80.03% and that of the embaúba 46.37%; The panels produced with pure embaúba timber, or in combination with paricá timber, and bonded with phenol-formaldehyde, presented satisfactory technological properties for external use and were the compositions that presented better properties. The best adhesive for the panels was phenol-formaldehyde, as the tannin-formaldehyde did not present good performance in the weight used in this study.
-This study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboards manufactured with forest exploitation waste from Pinus taeda. The material in the form of branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, was obtained from a forest plantation located in the Municipality of Mafra -SC. All the material was processed into wood chips for biomass and transported to the place of studies. The Pinus industrial particles were used as control and mixed with the waste in different proportions. The experimental plan consisted of the panels manufacture with 100% of each type of material and mixture of these com proportions of 75/25%, 50/50% and 25/75% with Pinus industrial particles, in addition to the mixture in equal parts, of the three types of materials. Experimental panels were manufactured with nominal density of 0.75 g/cm 3 , using the urea-formaldehyde resin, in the proportion of 8% of solids -dry weight basis of the particles. The panels were pressed with specific pressure of 4.0 MPa, temperature of 160°C and pressing time of 8 minutes. The results of the internal bond tests met the requirements of the standard EN 312, is indicative that there has been a proper bonding of these particles originating forest exploitation wastes. General evaluations of the physical and mechanical properties results of the experimental panels indicate the possibility of use of particles obtained from branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, mixed com the industrial Pinus particles, in proportion of, up to, 50%, for particleboard manufacture.Keywords: Pinus particles; Panels pressing; urea-formaldehyde resin. UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE EXPLORAÇÃO FLORESTAL DE Pinus taeda PARA PRODUÇÃO DE PAINÉIS AGLOMERADOSRESUMO -Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de painéis aglomerados produzidos com resíduos de exploração florestal de Pinus taeda. O material na forma de galhos e ponteiras e de tocos e raízes, foram obtidas de um plantio florestal localizado no Município de Mafra -SC. Todo o material foi transformado em cavacos para biomassa e transportados até o local de estudos. As partículas industriais de Pinus foram utilizadas como testemunha e em mistura com os resíduos em diferentes proporções. O plano experimental consistiu na produção de painéis com 100% de cada tipo de material e em mistura destes com proporções de 75/25%, 50/50% e 25/75% com partículas industriais de pinus, além da mistura em partes iguais dos três tipos de materiais. Foram produzidos painéis experimentais com densidade nominal de 0,75 g/cm 3 , utilizando a resina uréia-formaldeído na proporção de 8% de sólidos -base peso seco das partículas. Os painéis foram prensados com pressão específica de 4,0 MPa, temperatura de 160 ºC e tempo de prensagem de 8 minutos. Os resultados dos ensaios de tração perpendicular atenderam aos requisitos da norma E 312, sendo indicativo de que houve uma colagem adequada destas partículas provenientes de resíduos de exploração
Árvores jovens de pinus ainda não possuem quantidade significativa de madeira adulta, o que pode ocasionar reflexos em suas propriedades de resistência e rigidez. Por outro lado, as empresas estão reduzindo suas rotações florestais o que contribui para maior oferta deste tipo de madeira, sendo poucas as informações sobre suas propriedades. Por isso, neste estudo foi realizada a caracterização simplificada das propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de Pinus taeda e de Pinus patula, de árvores jovens com 12 anos de idade. Foram colhidas nove árvores de cada espécie, para a determinação de sua densidade aparente e de sua resistência e rigidez em diferentes ensaios mecânicos. As árvores colhidas pertenciam a diferentes classes de diâmetro para permitir também a análise desta variável. Verificou-se que a madeira de ambas as espécies apresentou baixa densidade aparente, sendo menor para Pinus patula em relação ao Pinus taeda. Os valores médios obtidos para as propriedades mecânicas foram compatíveis com os valores referenciais apresentados pela literatura, mas a densidade média obtida para as duas espécies não permitiu enquadrá-las como madeira estrutural segundo a norma NBR 7190/1997 em vigor. Houve correlação significativa entre a densidade aparente da madeira e a maior parte de suas propriedades mecânicas. Foi confirmado que os valores normativos não se aplicaram à madeira obtida de árvores jovens utilizadas nesse estudo e sugerida realização de mais estudos com vista à inclusão das propriedades de flexão estática como parâmetros de classificação estrutural de madeiras.
Wood scarcity, attacks by primates and insects, and fungal damage in forest plantations make the introduction of new species necessary. Given this, it is important to understand the potential uses of wood in the production chain. Pinus patula Schltdl & Cham presents good adaptation to Brazilian conditions and is a candidate for wood supply. Its juvenile wood density however, is lower than that of other pine species. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of veneer on panels produced with twelve-year old P. patula wood compared with panels produced with P. taeda wood of the same age, which is commonly used for panel production. Panels were bonded with urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives using veneers applied on two types of plywood panel. The P. patula panels showed lower strength, stiffness and density when bonded with urea-formaldehyde, and higher strength, density and stiffness when bonded with phenol-formaldehyde in comparison with P. taeda. P. patula panels can be used for multilayer panel production.
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