Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder of multifactorial etiology that includes genetic and dietary influences. By addressing the latter, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) contributes to the management of T2DM or pre-diabetes toward achieving glycaemic control and improved insulin sensitivity. However, the clinical outcomes of MNT vary and may further benefit from personalized nutritional plans that take into consideration genetic variations associated with individual responses to macronutrients. The aim of the present series of n-of-1 trials was to assess the effects of genetically-guided vs. conventional MNT on patients with pre-diabetes or T2DM. A quasi-experimental, cross-over design was adopted in three Caucasian adult men with either diagnosis. Complete diet, bioclinical and anthropometric assessment was performed and a conventional MNT, based on the clinical practice guidelines was applied for 8 weeks. After a week of “wash-out,” a precision MNT was prescribed for an additional 8-week period, based on the genetic characteristics of each patient. Outcomes of interest included changes in body weight (BW), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood pressure (BP). Collectively, the trials indicated improvements in BW, FPG, BP, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) following the genetically-guided precision MNT intervention. Moreover, both patients with pre-diabetes experienced remission of the condition. We conclude that improved BW loss and glycemic control can be achieved in patients with pre-diabetes/T2DM, by coupling MNT to their genetic makeup, guiding optimal diet, macronutrient composition, exercise and oral nutrient supplementation in a personalized manner.

The current consensus for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that high-quality diets and adherence to a healthy lifestyle provide significant health benefits. Remarkably, however, there is little agreement on the proportions of macronutrients in the diet that should be recommended to people suffering from pre-diabetes or T2DM. We herein discuss emerging evidence that underscores the importance of gene-diet interactions in the improvement of glycemic biomarkers in T2DM. We propose that we can achieve better glycemic control in T2DM patients by coupling Mediterranean diets to genetic information as a predictor for optimal diet macronutrient composition in a personalized manner. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided Mediterranean Diet.

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Aim:The importance of nutrition in the prevention of skin aging has been shown by large observational studies. However, there are no studies assessing dietary changes as adjunct procedures to aesthetic interventions. The objective of this study was to assess whether a personalized nutritional plan conveys additional benefits to plateletrich fibrin (PRF) facial regeneration.Methods: Forty-seven healthy women (mean age 52.5 years old, SD = 7.7) were offered minimally invasive facial regeneration with the use of PRF liquid matrices, as well as a personalized nutritional plan. The nutritional plan was informed by a nutrigenetic test based on 128 polymorphisms. Horizontal forehead lines, zygomatic wrinkles or midcheek furrows, nasolabial folds, perioral expression wrinkles, and marionette line were assessed separately with the use of the Facial Wrinkles Assessment Scale (FWAS). Results:The total FWAS score change was statistically significantly better in women who reported an at least partial adaptation of nutritional recommendations for at least three months (Z = 2.4, P = 0.008). Conclusion:Personalized nutritional recommendations based on individual needs as well as generally accepted dietary guidelines can improve treatment outcomes of minimally invasive facial skin aesthetics interventions.