The village as a socio-territorial subsystem of society is a single socio-economic, territorial, natural, historical and cultural complex. The agricultural policy of any developed country should be aimed, first of all, at ensuring food security, preserving domestic agricultural producers and the rural way of life in the conditions of competition. The components of which are the rural population, the totality of social relations related to its vital activity, the territory and the material objects located on it are components of this complex. Therefore, the sustainable development of rural areas is the basis for the stable development of the regions, both economically and socially. Farming in the context of new trends and vectors of development plays a huge role in improving the well-being of rural areas of each region and the country as a whole. The main trends in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the region are identified. The contribution of small businesses to the formation of food security in the region is determined. The main conclusions of the study are reduced to the identified systemic problems of small business development in the Chelyabinsk region.

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The paper presents an overview of methodological approaches to the study of the influence of institutions on macroeconomic indicators characterizing long-term economic growth, although other indicators that are influenced by institutions can be identified: economic growth rate, GDP per capita, saving rate, and total factor productivity. The article analyzes the research of leading scientists conducted within the framework of the institutional theory that explains global inequality and some of its features. In addition to the institutional theory, two more theories compete to explain the causes of global inequality: geographical theory and the theory of cultural influence. Both of these theories are unpromising from the point of view of practical applicability, since geographical, climatic factors, cultural characteristics are not subject to the influence of economic policy within reasonable time limits. Institutional theory explains the inequality of countries by differences in their formal legal and informal social norms that govern the behavior of individuals and structure social interactions. The growing volume of empirical work of this kind has shown that institutions should be considered in the context of alternative approaches (culture and social capital, human capital), alternative econometric methods and alternative strategies for identifying the influence of institutions on macroeconomic indicators (long-term economic growth).

The article presents the results of research and analysis of specialization of agricultural organizations of the Chelyabinsk region for the period from 2006 to 2017, which according to the population ecology of organizations has advantages in stable or specific environments. To study the specialization of the organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the Chelyabinsk region, a three-part coefficient of specialization was used, which characterizes the total share of the three values of the studied trait in the total population. Empirical research of agro-industrial complex of Chelyabinsk region allowed performing the analysis of 294...194 organizations for the period 2006...2017. It was found that the arithmetic value of a share of the first three types of products, ordered descending, in the structure of realization of products of agricultural organizations of territories of the region made up 78.09...85.08 % and in the structure of sales organizations of the region amounted to 89.71...96.86 %. It was shown that the analysis of the shares of the first three types of products, ordered in descending order, in the structure of sales of agricultural products can be reduced to the analysis of the shares of the first of the three types of products in this ordered structure. It was found that during the study period, the share of organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the region with the share of proceeds from the sale of grain and leguminous crops in the total revenue of organizations 20 ... 80 % amounted to 45.92...29.61 %.

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