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Over the past decades, altruistic cyber activities of online education volunteers who share useful knowledge with other Internet users have become widespread in the Internet space. Personal and group features of such prosocial behavior, which is strongly influenced by the realization of values, have not been sufficiently studied by psychological science so far. This study continues the psychological analysis of the value-orientation sphere of online educators, focusing on competent education volunteers who deal with the Internet encyclopedia “Wikipedia” (N = 92) and the question-answer (QA) online project “Otvety” (N = 113). The following tools were used in the work: the revised Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-R2R) by Sh. Schwartz adapted by T.P. Butenko, D.S. Sedova and A.S. Lipatova and the Value Orientations Techniques developed by O.I. Motkov and T.A. Ogneva (version 2). The results of the analysis provide sufficient grounds to characterize the members of both groups as indivi- duals who are productively oriented towards informational and pro-social Internet activities that are not identical in format from the perspective of transfinite altruism, for the implementation of which optimal non-hierarchical-parity conditions have been created in their reference online communities, stimulating liberty in the process of individual self-realization. It is shown that, with a high homogeneity of the value profiles of the Wikipedia authors and QA “Otvety” service experts, the internal value-related self-determination (procedural in nature) has a basal meaning for them, since the external one, set in a heteronomous position, only weakly corresponds to their freedom-seeking way of life. It is concluded that the series of theoretical and empirical psychological studies of the diverse teams of online education volunteers will make it possible, by understanding their personal and group specifics, to lay a solid foundation, which can potentially lead to global unity of people with the prospect of large-scale amplification of knowledge as one of the highest human values.

The development of the Internet contributes to the activity of education volunteers who disseminate a variety of information on the Web. This study is limited to virtual volunteers who share useful knowledge in cyberspace. Although the issues of volunteering are covered quite widely in psychological science, the volitional mechanisms that encourage online educational activities have been poorly studied. The leading role in the deployment of such prosocial behavior is played by a specific value-orientation system. The purpose of this research is to identify and describe the systems of values and value orientations of online educators, namely representatives of the expert core of the online encyclopedia “Wikipedia” (N = 96) and the question-answer (QA) online project “Otvety” (N = 47). The study is based on the value-specific (SVS, PVQ) methodology developed by Sh. Schwartz and adapted by V.N. Karandashev; the participants belong to the abovementioned expert core groups of online education volunteers. The results reveal their relatively homogeneous set of values, which is developing into an altruistic meta-orientation towards autonomously given and situationally different dissemination of knowledge aimed at providing information (as a public utility) and regulated by self-transcendence and openness to changes. Intersubjective (in terms of normative ideals and individual priorities) and intergroup (in terms of communities) value-related comparison of the study participants - Wikipedia authors and QA “Otvety” service experts - optionally show that the Wikipedians are more inclined to avoid saturated social relationships (being socially inert), however, are much more hedonistic about life than the QA-experts. At the same time, both groups are brought together as close as possible by the radical condemnation of any factors that interfere with social harmony and limit the freedom to manifest oneself as a person. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that further understanding of the personal and group characteristics of education volunteers can expand the scope of education; therefore, in subsequent studies, it is proposed to use successive psychodiagnostic methods that measure value specificity in a psychosocial context.

Актуальность (контекст) тематики статьи. Мотивационные факторы виртуального волонтерства участников онлайн-сообщества крупнейшей в мире интернет-энциклопедии «Википедия» (википедистов) консолидируют их личностные ресурсы для агрегации свободных знаний и активизируют научный интерес широкого круга междисциплинарных исследователей. Однако вопрос о движущих силах данного просоциального поведения до сих пор остается открытым. Цель. Предполагается, что для полноценного понимания детерминации онлайн-деятельности википедистов необходимо проанализировать те ценностные ориентации, которым они отдают персональное предпочтение. Поэтому целью исследования стало выявление универсальных ценностных ориентаций опытного межнационального ядра авторов Википедии. Описание хода исследования. На основании смысловых единиц, выведенных из предшествующего цикла разрозненных академических исследований практического опыта разработки Википедии, проводился контент-анализ транснационального письменного опроса 65 авторов полиязыковых википедических сегментов (83% мужчин и 17% женщин) со среднем стажем составления энциклопедических вики-статей 9,9 лет. Результаты исследования. Раскрыта свойственная авторам Википедии конститутивная система инвариантных ценностных ориентаций интернальной и экстернальной направленностей. Обнаружено, что в большинстве случаев википедисты находят целый ряд личностно значимых причин для участия в формировании Википедии, резонирующих с их внутренней сущностью. Выводы. К группе интернальных ценностных ориентаций википедистов относятся: саморазвитие (самосовершенствование, самоутверждение, самореализация), реципрокный (взаимный) альтруизм, тенденция к высокому качеству и систематизации знаний, удовольствие от созидания, автономия, рекреация (хобби, развлечение), смыслонаполнение, сохранение личного наследия. Группа экстернальных ценностных ориентаций включает: сохранение и развитие культурного наследия/языкового сегмента, продвижение и популяризация Википедии (ее идеологии и принципов), низкие трансакционные издержки и удобство (привлекательность) системы, аффилиация, социальная идентичность, улучшение мира («weltverbesserungs antrieb»), наведение мостов между культурами и языками. Детальное изучение выявленных ценностных ориентаций и иных психологических особенностей волонтеров Википедии может существенно расширить теоретические представления о функционировании этого сообщества и иметь прикладное значение для организации добровольческих практик по распространению знаний. Ключевые слова: Википедия, свободные знания, онлайн-сообщество, виртуальное волонтерство, просоциальное поведение, ценностные ориентации. Background. A wide circle of multidisciplinary researchers share interest in motivation factors of Wikipedians, i.e. virtual volunteers, members of the online world's largest online encyclopedia «Wikipedia», who consolidate personal resources to manage comprehensive aggregation of free knowledge. Nevertheless, the question of the driving forces of this prosocial behaviour is still open. Objective. It is assumed that ...

The determinants of the long-standing and relatively widespread practice of fetishistic transvestites have been so far insufficiently researched by the psychological science. In the present paper on a Russian sample of fetishistic transvestites of mature and young age (N=120) mediated by virtual reality, an Internet study of the severity of their meaning life crisis and the specifics of self-attitude, which have a deep systematic impact on self-management of the life process, was carried out within the norm. It is shown that the overwhelming majority of fetishistic transvestites do not experience a meaning-life crisis, and their self-attitude is divided into dichotomous lines of manifestation – balance in conditions of confidentiality and dissonance in the public environment. It is established that the meaning-of-life crisis provides a favorable corrective effect on self-abasement, blocking the trajectory of minimizing self-abasement to an abnormal state by the method of self-justification of personal experience of fetishistic transvestism. It is revealed that the absence of a meaning-of-life crisis is characterized by the expanded personal plasticity of fetishistic transvestites in transphobic social situations, maintaining their state of self-esteem at an acceptable level, while their autosympathy as a veiled dimension of self-attitude is contrastively encapsulated from the meaning of life crisis.