The influence of sports activity on the cardiovascular system is accompanied by physiological adaptation of the organism. Intense physical activity, far exceeding the body’s capabilities, can lead to structural changes or remodeling of the athlete’s myocardium. The review is devoted to the study of myocardial heterogeneity and is aimed at attracting attention of physicians, physiologists, biologists, researchers and developers of ECG computer analysis programs to prognostically significant indicators. Based on the mechanisms of electrical heterogeneity of the ventricular myocardium, the review considers the results of clinical studies by Russian and foreign specialists. The high predictive capabilities of indicators for the detection of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death are discussed. It was found that the speed indicators of the electrical activity of the heart are the earliest marker of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders. Risk factors - arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and overweight - are associated with a decrease in the rate of electrical activity of the heart and an increase in myocardial heterogeneity. The data presented allow us to conclude that myocardial electrical heterogeneity is a prognostically significant indicator for the detection of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events; it is widely discussed in foreign literature, but is not used by domestic specialists.

The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of physical activity and frequency of respiratory movements. The purpose of the work is to analyze the heart rate variability in students, taking into account the level of motor activity and respiratory rate. Materials and methods. Registration and analysis of HRV was carried out using a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory «CONAN–4.5». Cardiac activity of students was assessed. Results. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (when differentiating the IWT calculated according to IN) «normotics» are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. At the same time, the value of the coefficient of physical activity in the studied group was determined at the level of values 1.73±0.1. Output. For normal adaptation to physical activity in students, it is necessary to form a level of physical activity that quantitatively corresponds to the CFA of physical activity of at least 1.75.