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The paper describes the advantages and prospects of using the physical methods of melts processing in the production of aluminum alloys and cast aluminum matrix composites. Classification of the physical methods of the melt processing by the state of metal during the processing period and by the physical principle of the imposed effects is proposed. The influence of physical processing of melts on the structure of aluminum matrix composites depending on the type of imposed influence and the origin of the reinforcing phases is shown. The positive effect of thermo-temporal treatment on the structure of materials was confirmed on example of in-situ composites of Al-Mg2Si system, it includes reduction in the average size of endogenous reinforcing phases and changing their morphology to a more compact.