Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of disease burden globally with far-reaching consequences including enormous socio-economic burden to healthcare and society at large. Cardiovascular health is decisive for reproductive function, healthy pregnancy and postpartum. During pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular system is exposed to highly increased haemodynamic stress that significantly impacts health status of the mother and offspring. Resulting from sub-optimal maternal health conditions overlooked in pre-pregnancy time, progressive abnormalities can be expected during pregnancy and postpartum. Contextually, there are two main concepts to follow in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine, namely to develop: 1. advanced screening of sub-optimal health conditions in young populations to predict and prevent individual health risks prior to planned pregnancies 2. in-depth companion diagnostics during pregnancy to predict and prevent long-lasting postpartum health risks of the mother and offspring. Data collected in the current study demonstrate group-specific complications to health of the mother and offspring and clinical relevance of the related phenotyping in pre-pregnant mothers. Diagnostic approach proposed in this study revealed its great clinical utility demonstrating important synergies between cardiovascular maladaptation and connective tissue dysfunction. Co-diagnosed pre-pregnancy low BMI of the mother, connective tissue dysfunction, increased stiffness of peripheral vessels and decreased blood pressure are considered a highly specific maternal phenotype useful for innovative screening programmes in young populations to predict and prevent severe risks to health of the mother and offspring. This crucial discovery brings together systemic effects characteristic, for example, for individuals with Flammer syndrome predisposed to the phenotype-specific primary vascular dysregulation, pregnancy-associated risks, normal tension glaucoma, ischemic stroke at young age, impaired wound healing and associated disorders. Proposed maternal phenotyping is crucial to predict and effectively protect both the mother and offspring against health-to-disease transition. Pre-pregnancy check-up focused on sub-optimal health and utilising here described phenotypes is pivotal for advanced health policy. Plain English abstract Cardiovascular health is decisive for reproductive function and healthy pregnancy. During pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular system may demonstrate health-to-disease transition relevant for the affected mother and offspring. Overlooked in pre-pregnancy time, progressive abnormalities can be expected during pregnancy and lifelong. Here we co-diagnosed maternal pre-pregnancy low bodyweight with systemic effects which may increase risks of pregnancy, eye and heart disorders and ischemic stroke at young age, amongst others. Innovative screening  programmes focused on sub-optimal health in young populations to predict and to mitigate individual health risks prior to pregnancy is an essential innovation for health policy proposed.

The search and development of new antibiotics is relevant due to widespread antibiotic resistance. One of the promising strategies is the de novo design of novel antimicrobial peptides. The amino acid sequences of 198 novel peptides were obtained using a generative long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM RNN). To assess their antimicrobial effect, we synthesized five out of 198 generated peptides. The PEP-38 and PEP-137 peptides were active in vitro against carbapenem-resistant isolates of Klebsiella aerogenes and K. pneumoniae. PEP-137 was also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The remaining three peptides (PEP-36, PEP-136 and PEP-174) showed no antibacterial effect. Then the effect of PEP-38 and PEP-137 (a single intraperitoneal administration of a 100 μg dose 30 min after infection) on animal survival in an experimental murine model of K. pneumoniae-induced sepsis was investigated. As a control, two groups of mice were used: one received sterile saline, and the other received inactive in vitro PEP-36 (a single 100 μg dose). The PEP-36 peptide was shown to provide the highest survival rate (66.7%). PEP-137 showed a survival rate of 50%. PEP-38 was found to be ineffective. The data obtained can be used to develop new antibacterial peptide drugs to combat antibiotic resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the key issues limiting the successful treatment of infectious diseases and associated with adverse medical, social and economic consequences on a global scale. The present study aims to evaluate antimicrobials prescribing patterns and assess progress in quality indicators in Russian multidisciplinary hospitals using three repetitive point prevalence studies (PPSs) over 4 years (Global-PPS 2015, 2017 and 2018). Out of 13,595 patients from 21 hospitals surveyed over the three time points, 3542 (26.14%) received antimicrobials, predominantly third-generation cephalosporins (44.7% in 2015, 34.1% in 2017 and 41.8% in 2018). Compliance with the hospital antibiotic guidelines was 74.8%, 66.8% and 74.3%, respectively. Indication for treatment was recorded in 72.6%, 84.1% and 82.6%, while stop/review date was documented only in 40.5%, 46.5% and 61.1% of cases. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis exceeded 1 day in 92%, 84% and 81% of cases. Targeted therapy rate at all time points did not exceed 15.1%, treatment based on the biomarkers rate—19.9%. For the part of PPS-2017 and 2018 analyzed in dynamics, no prominent trends were noted. The results of the project provide the basis for the development of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship programs tailored according to local practices for each hospital in the project.

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Вторичная адентия ускоряет атрофию боковых отде-лов верхней челюсти (ВЧ), ведет к уменьшению объема костной ткани, что делает неблагоприятным прогноз ден-тальной имплантации на ВЧ [1,3]. Субантральная аугмен-тация или синус-лифтинг -один из способов повышения эффективности дентальной имплантации при значитель-ной атрофии в боковых отделах ВЧ. Путем увеличения костной ткани в области синуса субантральная аугмента-ция позволяет врачу-имплантологу использовать более длинные имплантаты, что создает оптимальные условия для адекватного сопротивления окклюзионным нагруз-кам. Синус-лифтинг показан, когда недостаточная высота альвеолярного отростка ВЧ препятствует установке им-плантата длиной более 10 мм [4][5][6].Чаще всего хирурги для увеличения объема кости используют резорбируемый гидроксиапатит, деминера-лизованную лиофилизированную аллогенную кость и аутогенную кость [2,7]. Последняя наиболее предпо-чтительна, поскольку не вызывает реакции отторжения и обеспечивает оптимальные сроки остеоинтеграции с имплантатом. Однако объем донорской кости в полости Ключевые слова: пористый титан, субантральная аугментация, дентальные имплантаты.The article discusses the use of porous titanium for subantral augmentation. Experimental study was conducted on 12 yearling rams. Subantral augmentation using porous titanium was performed in 33 patients. In the control group consisting of 14 patients calcium phosphates and bone collagen based agents («Bio-Оss» and «Collost») were used. In the main and control groups 46 and 32 implant were placed, respectively. Pilot histological and clinical studies proved that the granules of porous titanium are biocompatible with bone tissue, provide the optimal surface microrelief, thus creating good conditions for adhesion, expansion and migration of osteoforming cells, have negligible kinetics of resorption, are porous to ensure effective neovascularization of de novo formed bone tissue. Porous titanium is an effective alternative material for subantral bone augmentation for dental implantation and reconstructive operations on the maxillary sinus.