Background and AimsPhubbing can be described as an individual looking at his or her mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, dealing with the mobile phone and escaping from interpersonal communication. In this research, determinants of phubbing behavior were investigated; in addition, the effects of gender, smart phone ownership and social media membership were tested as moderators.MethodsTo examine the cause–effect relations among the variables of the theoretical model, the research employs a correlational design. Participants were 409 university students who were selected via random sampling. Phubbing was obtained via the scales featuring mobile phone addiction, SMS addiction, internet addiction, social media addiction and game addiction. The obtained data were analyzed using a correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation model.ResultsThe results showed that the most important determinants of phubbing behavior are mobile phone, SMS, social media and internet addictions.DiscussionAlthough the findings show that the highest correlation value explaining phubbing is a mobile phone addiction, the other correlation values reflect a dependency on the phone.ConclusionsThere is an increasing tendency towards mobile phone use, and this tendency prepares the basis of phubbing.

According to the results of the research, loneliness may be said to be a significant variable affecting depression. The findings obtained are discussed in light of the literature.

The aim of this work is to analyze both the reasons that young adults exhibit phubbing behaviors and the effects of these behaviors on their lives. Following a qualitative research approach, this study has been designed using a case study method. Selected using the criterion sampling method, participants consisted of a total of 9 university students studying in a School of Education in Turkey. The criterion used to include individuals into the sample group was 'using a smartphone instead of actively participating in an on-going discussion being had by one' s surrounding peers' as well as a high score on the Phubbing Scale form. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview form composed of 18 open-ended questions. Both a descriptive and content analysis were used to evaluate the data. The study' s findings revealed that not only did smartphones negatively affect interpersonal relations, but also that phubbers lacked communication skills, experienced difficulty establishing and maintaining eye contact while using a smartphone, and misunderstood what was being discussed. Some participants even stated that they would become completely disconnected from the social environment while using a smartphone. It is argued in the discussion section that since smartphones have all the same features and abilities as traditional computers, they carry the same potential addictions as computers. Yet, instead of being restricted to a table, these addictions are now able to manifest in every aspect, environment, and moment of one' s life. As such, since phubbing carries with it a type of addiction that is much more devious and pervasion than most previous virtual reality related addictions, it is recommended that further research be conducted before serious psychopathological and sociological problems begin to manifest themselves throughout the population.

Smartphones play an important role in our lives thanks to the opportunities they offer in terms of access, interaction, and communication. However, in addition to these positive aspects, smartphones have transformed into objects of dependence due to gaming, social media, and access to the Internet and are beginning to harm the quality of face-to-face communications that take place between different individuals. The current study examined the relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and phubbing. Participants were 545 university students (383(71%) female, 156(29%) male, M age = 18.84, SD = 1.18) who completed the questionnaire package of the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Phubbing Scale. A hierarchical regression analysis was used with Big Five Personality Traits to explain variance in phubbing. The results showed that neuroticism and conscientiousness were significant predictors of phubbing, which account for 7% of the total variance. In the study, it was determined that the participants consisted of individuals with high levels of income, daily access to the Internet and social media users. Results are discussed in light of the literature.

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