The ecological structure of the flora of 81 bryophytes found in 22 town parks and 6 cemeteries situated within the borders of the Wrocław town has been analyzed in relation to the localization of objects (within the center of the town and its suburbs) and their origin (parks set up in the place of ruins, those built on the site of old cemeteries, objects established within former forests, and parks set up in open, previously rural areas, often as gardens of mansions). In general estimation, the bryoflora of parks and cemeteries appears to be rather ecologically highly specializated - more than 50% of species occurred only on one type of substratum. Epiphytes s.s. occurred rarely. More often bryophytes were noted at the bases and on the trunks of trees, up to 30 cm. Some of the mosses, described in literature as epiphytes, have adapted to terrestrial-epiphytic sites and have been found only at the base of trees. In parks, epigeits were found in abundance on the ground around the base of trees and in shaded lawns. The presence of specialized epixylics was insignificant, although some of the typical forest epixylics were noted, namely Aulacomnium androgynum, Herzogiella seligeri and Dicranum scoparium. However, only parks situated in the suburbs show a high ecological variety of bryoflora, while objects established within the center of the town do not differ in species composition of bryophytes from surrounding built-up areas, despite their origin. Only in the parks situated in the suburbs there was a pronounced presence of forest and meadow species. The factor of park's origin seems to influence the bryoflora's ecological structure and the species richness on objects situated in the suburbs. In the cemeteries a positive correlation between the high number of species, age of monuments and the dimensions of object areas was stated

The paper presents a brief review of published so far and recently recorded unpublished bryological data concerning the distribution in Poland of two neophytic (sensu Meusel 1943) mosses: Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. and Orthodontium lineare Schwaegr.to estimate their current influence on native bryoflora. The data clearly indicate the constant spreading of these species towards the east, however, there is no direct evidence that they have been limiting the occurrence of native moss species. They are acidophilous species, so the acidification of the environment probably promotes their expansion. Maps of the most current distribution of Campylopus introflexus and Orthodontium lineare in Poland (in a system of ATMOS-grid squares) are provided, as well as a description of the first locality in Poland of another European bryo-neophyte species Leptophascum leptophyllum Mull. Hal

New distribution data for 171 bryophyte taxa in the Roztocze National Park are provided. Among them there are 43 species protected by law in Poland, including 20 strictly protected species, as well as 13 species threatened in Poland. The research revealed 36 species (5 liverworts and 31 mosses) new for the region. Noteworthy is the occurrence of 19 mountain species and 10 bryophytes thought to be relicts of old-growth forests what confirms the specificity of nature of the Roztocze region. The most valuable and interesting finds are: mosses Campylophyllopsis sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra, Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb., Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. as well as liverworts Calypogeia suecica (Arnell et J. Perss.) Müll. Frib. and Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb. A brief characterisations of these species are presented.

International audienc

Data documenting the occurrence of epiphytic bryophytes in the urban forests of the Wroclaw city were collected and reported for the first time. Research was carried out in 2015-2016, in forest areas situated within the city administrative boundaries, to find whether some epiphytic species reported from the Wroclaw environs in the 19th century and presently considered to be primeval forest relicts occur in urban forests. The survey was carried out using the established network of 50 study plots randomly scattered within the urban forested areas. In total 42 species (4 liverworts and 38 mosses) were recorded on 467 trees; three of them are primeval forest relicts. In this paper, the host-tree preferences, distribution in the individual forests, relative frequency, abundance and exposure to compass directions of the studied taxa are analysed. Of the species described, only 17 are obligatory epiphytes, while 22 of them are character forest species. However, 82% of the latter were noted on a small number of tree trunks. Two moss taxa, Hypnum cupressiforme and Platygyrium repens, were most frequently found (on 76 and 50% of the trees, respectively). Among the species recorded in the studied area, there are five that have been showing some expansive tendencies in Europe in recent decades. The potential ability of these species to spread in urban areas is discussed in relation to their general ecological requirements.