Artykuł poświęcony jest problemom diagnostycznym, z jakimi borykają się zarówno psycholodzy, pedagodzy, jak i psychiatrzy próbujący określić patomechanizm trudności występujących w zachowaniu u dzieci. W prezentowanej pracy skupiono się na analizie obrazu klinicznego i etiologii zaburzeń po stresie traumatycznym (PTSD) oraz zespołu nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD), gdyż są to zaburzenia, których rozpoznanie u dzieci budzi wiele wątpliwości diagnostycznych. Rozważania dotyczące objawów poszczególnych zaburzeń oparto na kryteriach diagnostycznych DSM-5, a analizę ich genezy przeprowadzono, odwołując się do danych na temat cech funkcjonalnych ośrodkowego układu nerwowego w poszczególnych przypadkach. Całość pracy podsumowuje próba wskazania elementów niezbędnych dla diagnozy różnicowej obydwu zaburzeń.

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Past research shows that age and driving experience has a significant impact on on-road behavior. Both reaction time, as well as visual-motor coordination and speed of decision making, play an important role with regard to safety. Consequently, research in this area has been carried out for many years. However, there are still very few studies on the impact of these variables on the speed and way of taking control of an automated vehicle. The purpose of the study designed at the Motor Transport Institute was therefore, including but not limited to, verification of the hypothesis concerning the relevance of age and experience to psychomotor skills and its impact on adaptation to automation. The research involved tools for testing psychomotor skills (reaction time, eye-hand coordination) considered in driver psychological tests. The experimental part was carried out with a passenger car simulator, where the driver's behavior was verified under a specific on-road situation, including control takeover. As expected, the analyses proved that age and experience are important factors for both control takeover and way of reaction. Deficits and some elements related to inexperience were found in older and younger drivers, respectively, and those had a significant impact on the analyzed variables.

Sixty-eight participants who lost a close one on a sudden death were assigned to one of two experimental conditions. They described own story of relations with the deceased person or answered a questionnaire regarding the mourning process. The effects of self-story construction were measured after 2 weeks and then 3 months. The self-story framing of the death increased meaning in life and stress-related growth, and decreased anxiety. The effects became most apparent 3 months after the story description. Higher plot structuring was related to lower anxiety and greater feeling of purpose in life. ARTICLE HISTORY