Noise pollution from the environment may wreak havoc on a person’s wellbeing. Numerous sound-absorbing materials are employed to address these issues, one of which is textile-woven fabrics. In this study, 12 woven textiles with four different weave structures (plain, rib, sateen, and twill) and those formed from three distinct polyester yarns were evaluated for their sound absorption properties using an impedance tube. The study was conducted within the range of 80–5000 (Hz) frequency. Part of the investigation was measuring different layers of woven fabrics under three different measuring conditions. Firstly, only woven fabrics were evaluated. Following that, woven and nonwoven textiles were measured. The third variant, in addition to the woven fabrics, included an air gap. In addition, this study includes tests and analyses of the effect of roughness and porosity of the fabric structure on the effectiveness of noise reduction by woven fabrics. The absorption capacity of plain fabric is higher at lower frequencies than other woven fabrics. Other weave structures noise reduction efficiency is higher as the frequency range increases. The absorption efficiency of plain fabric decreases with fabric layering. Utilizing woven fabric combined with nonwoven fabric reduces noise more effectively than the air gap variant. Low surface roughness and a highly porous surface of the fabric indicate a high noise reduction coefficient (NRC).
Textile structures with various bioactive and functional properties are used in many areas of medicine, special clothing, interior textiles, technical goods, etc. We investigated the effect of two different textile woven structures made of 90% polyester with 10% polyamide (PET) and 100% cotton (CO) modified by magnetron sputtering with copper (Cu) on bioactive properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and four viruses and also on the some comfort parameters. PET/Cu and CO/Cu fabrics have strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. CO/Cu fabric has good antiviral activity in relation to vaccinia virus (VACV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and influenza A virus H1N1 (IFV), while its antiviral activity against mouse coronavirus (MHV) is weak. PET/Cu fabric showed weak antiviral activity against HSV-1 and MHV. Both modified fabrics showed no significant toxicity in comparison to the control medium and pristine fabrics. After Cu sputtering, fabric surfaces became hydrophobic and the value of the surface free energy was over four times lower than for pristine fabrics. The modification improved thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, facilitated water vapour transport, and air permeability did not decrease.
Utilizing textile-based acoustic materials can be considered basically from two points of view. First, it may be used as a sound absorbing material. Second, it may be used as a decoration that gives the surrounding area a new artistic appearance. To improve the acoustic possibilities of any woven fabric, it is necessary to study the influences of yarn characteristics and the internal structures of weave interlacement. To understand the impact of the yarn on the fabric, the samples were prepared using only polyester fiber as textured, twisted, and staple yarns. Regarding this experiment, the basic weave’s structure type, such as plain, rib, sateen, and twill, were used. Overall, 16 woven fabrics were prepared. The investigation was performed in the range of low to medium acoustic frequencies. The experiments were conducted in an anechoic chamber. Compared to other yarn types, fabrics formed from textured polyester yarn had higher sound absorption properties. Moreover, the observed results show that the different incidence angles of acoustic signals influence the measured sound absorption properties of a textile.
The paper reports the results of research on different structures for multilayer clothing fabrics characterized by the occurrence of air spaces between individual layers. The main goal of this structure was improving the thermal protective properties of the fabric to be more effective than single-layer fabrics. Three types of fabric were investigated: a single-layer fabric; a self-bonded two-layer fabric, where the outer layers are joined by means of a tie-up in the process of weaving; and a self-bonded three-layer fabric, where the middle layer with fewer warp and weft threads join both outer layers. All the fabrics were produced under the same technical and technological conditions using flame-retardant yarn. Moreover, the value of the final mass per unit area for all the fabrics is similar; for the thermal protective test the single-layer fabric is double-folded. The thermal protective properties of the fabrics characterized by means of temperature distribution on the textile surface were tested using a thermal imaging camera. The three-layer fabric has the most favorable thermal protection in comparison with the double-folded single-layer and self-bonded two-layer fabrics, despite all fabrics having the same mass per unit area.
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