In this paper a tracked stair climbing robot will be developed. The robot can be controlled using any smart cell phone through Bluetooth. When designing the robot, the main constraints taken into consideration are the ability to climb the stairs in addition to the optimal size and weight; the robot needs to be small and light enough to get into places inaccessible by human. It needs also to be large enough to climb obstacles commonly found in any areas, such as rough terrains and stairs. Finally, it will be equipped with digital humidity and temperature sensor (DHT). A prototype of the stair climbing robot is designed and implemented, this robot is capable of moving on rough terrains and climbing a stair, it is portable due to the light material used in manufacturing. This robot will be controlled using two modes; the first one will use Arduino communicating by Bluetooth Module that can be connected with any smart mobile phone. The second mode (autonomous) will use the feedback from an ultrasonic sensor installed at the top of the robot and is able to rotate using a servo motor. The prototype is tested on different rough and inclined terrains, on grassy ground and on stairs. The overall system works successfully and it performs very well. Video of the working prototype is provided.

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This paper describes an environment friendly propulsion system with negligible noise. The Propulsion system is based on a novel engine called a water piston engine. All moving parts in the classical internal combustion engine are eliminated; the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft. Also, cams and follower valves are replaced by solenoid valves which inject compressed air into the cylinders. A water column in the cylinder is used to replace the metallic piston. The water column itself inside the cylinder acts as a piston. This Water Piston Engine is powered by pressurized air only. So, a pressure vessel is used to store compressed air. The Pressure derived from the compressed air tanks is directly used in providing thrust by pushing the water out of the cylinder through a 90-degree elbow as a water jet. When the water is ejected from the cylinder and the air pressure inside the cylinder decreases to near atmospheric, the water that surrounds the engine fills the cylinder. Four cylinders are used; each two cylinders are fired simultaneously in order to maintain thrust. This system uses an Arduino microcontroller unit to deal with how much time the pressurized air is needed to discharge the cylinder and to switch the airflow between the engine cylinders. Several field tests have been made in a lake. The experimental data were compared to the theoretical based data in addition to simulate this model using Ansys fluent. The advantages of this novel engine over internal combustion engines are clarified. Videos of the experiments are recorded.

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