Soil erosion occurs throughout the world and is a very serious problem especially in dry land areas of Ethiopia. Rural inhabitants try to develop some erosion control measures to reduce the negative impacts; however, the role of the women is not known and deserves to be studied to understand how land degradation processes are mitigated. Hence, the main goal of this study is to identify the determinant variables of women’s participation in soil and water conservation (SWC) practices in Shebel Berenta Woreda of Amhara Region in Ethiopia as a study case. Mixed-research method with sequential explanatory research design was employed through survey questionnaire, interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and field observation as data collection methods since 2019. Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the collected quantitative data. The result showed a significant number of respondents (86.4%) frequently participate in SWC, while 14.6% do not. Among those participated in SWC, 55.6%, 18.85 %, and 42.8% were highly involved in terracing, vegetation cover, and compost preparation as a part of SWC practices, respectively. In addition, 50.4% has participated in decision making about SWC, while 49.6% had not any involvement. The binary logistic regression model analysis shows widowed women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001, 0.814, P = .038); are able to read and write (AOR = 0.164, 95% CI = 0.027, 0.995, P = .049); have secondary education and higher levels (AOR = 0.139, 95% CI = 0.022, 0.874, P = .035). Similarly, those who do not have farm land (AOR = 0.263, 95% CI = 0.072, 0.964, P = .044); their lands do not show soil erosion (AOR = .043, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.296, P = .001); have not discussions about SWC (AOR = 0.142, 95% CI = 0.021, 0.952, P = .044); not receiving any advice to apply them (AOR = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.030, 0.694, P = .016) were variables that determine women’s participation in SWC. Therefore, the local government should work on awareness transference, providing new technologies, and building complete infrastructures to achieve better results of SWC.

Background Pregnancy is a time when women are making many changes, including the patterns of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy encourages the risks of mothers and unborn child. Alcohol use during pregnancy can result in prematurity, brain damage, growth restriction, developmental delay and social, emotional and behavioral deficits, particularly in developing countries. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was employed. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence of alcohol utilization, and socio-demographic as well as economic characteristics of women who have pregnancy experience. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used. Results The study results showed that the prevalence of alcohol use and response rate was high. Factors like age group of women from 35–49 years (AOR = 0.221; 95%CI = 0.057–0.856), illiterate women(AOR = 2.697;95% CI = 1.207–6.026), currently pregnant (AOR = 0.139;95%CI = 0.057 0.343), women currently use alcohol (AOR = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.009 0.049), alcohol use pre-pregnancy (AOR = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.006–0.042), women drinking alcohol with husband during pregnancy (AOR = 0.228; 95% CI = 0.085–0.614), the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is low(AOR = 0.262;95%CI = 0.074–0.925), risk alcohol consumption during pregnancy is medium (AOR = 0.296;95% CI = 0.103–0.849),utilization of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable (AOR = 0.104; 95%CI = .0.013–0.833) were statistically associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. Conclusion The result inferred that there is a high level of alcohol use throughout pregnancy. Due to the differences in the culture and communal means of drinking alcohol, the frequency of alcohol consumption during pregnancy varies among different regional studies and countries.

Background: The aims of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of reproductive women (15-49) towards alcohol consumption during pregnancy in West Gojjam of Amhara region.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed. The structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude of alcohol consumption among reproductive women during pregnancy. The sample size was calculated by using a single population proportion formula. Accordingly, the calculated sample size was 380 after adding 10% for non-response rate.Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions was employed. Adjusted Odds Ratios together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to interpret the findings.Results: The majority of women 308(82.4%) were know the problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy from 374 total study participants. Knowledge of women with regard to problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy were associated literate women (AOR=0.416; 95%CI=0.207-0.836) and risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy low (AOR=9.468; 95% CI=3.466-25.868).Addationally,attitude of women for consumption of alcohol have significant effect on health associated with occupation status a housewife ((AOR=4.620; 95% CI= (1.255-17.012), had own business(AOR=17.344;95% CI=1.821165.148), alcohol consumption for 3-4 days a week(AOR=11.278;95%CI =1.231-103.287),relative encourage diriking alcohol (AOR=0.309;95%=0.110-0.868), Women who had previously health problems (AOR=0.330;95% CI=0.152-0.717), women who perceive the risk of alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is medium(AOR=7.112; 95% CI =3.108-16.270), attitudes of women towards alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is high (AOR= 4.902;95% CI =1.474-16.297),women who agree on the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable(AOR=0.082;95% CI =0.023-0.287).Conclusion: The study revealed that, the knowledge of women on the health effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy high. Their attitude also towards alcohol consumption is low and medium. Interventions focused on creating awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption on pregnancy should implemented.

Women represent almost half of the world population; the same is true in rural Ethiopia. However, in many countries, gender-based stereotypes and discrimination deny rural women equitable access to and control over land, labor, asset and opportunities for employment and income-generating activities. Having this rationale, very little is known about the determinants of women's participation in non-farm livelihood activities in the rural economy of Ethiopia. Hence, the general objective of this study was to examine the determinants of women's participation in non-farm livelihood diversification strategies in Shebel Berenta Woreda, Amhara Region. Mixed research method with explanatory research design was employed for data collection and data analysis. The questionnaire survey was collected from 267 systematically selected women from randomly selected four rural kebeles in the study area. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected quantitative data. Binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the factors that determine women's participation in NFA in the study area. The result of binary logistic regression model showed that women's age, marital status, educational status, land size, credit, non-farm training, and having triple gender roles were the major determinants of women's participation in NFA in the study area. In line with the problems identified, the local government should work on awareness creation and education, provision of support, built local infrastructure, provision of credit and training to increase their participation in non-farm livelihood diversification.

Women are more supportive of the environment than men despite waste being an early problem of humankind,one that is increasing and of a major concern to every nation of the world.