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[Purpose] This study was conducted to examine the effects of age and body mass index on plantar cutaneous sensation in healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Two hundred and three healthy female volunteers over the age of 20 were included in the study. The statistical analyses were performed by considering the age and body mass index values of the individuals. The individuals were divided according to their ages and body mass index values. Foot pain was measured with a visual analogue scale and plantar cutaneous sensation using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. [Results] Fifty-six (27.5%) of the participants had normal weights, 67 (33%) were overweight, and 80 (39%) were obese. Statistical analysis revealed that as age and body mass index values increased, plantar sensitivity decreased and the frequency and severity of pain increased. [Conclusion] It is possible that healthy women may experience a decrease in foot plantar sensation with increasing weight and age. If women do not have any health problems, proprioception and sensory training must be focused on in order to prevent balance and falling problems.

Background: Musculoskeletal problems (neck, shoulder, back pain etc.) occur as a chronic pain or disability that reducesquality of life and economic productivity. To test the hypothesis that, comparison of the effectiveness of one-session application of two physiotherapy methods. The other aim is to investigation the relationship between physical activity and pain, muscle relaxation. Method: This study was designed randomized trial and double blind. Participants (with neck pain) divided into two groups (Classical Massage (CM), n=24 and Active Stretching, n=21) Pain were determined by the visual analog scale (VAS), a digital pressure algometer was used to assess pain threshold (PT) level and muscle relaxation response was measured by means of electromyography biofeedback (EMG_BF). Physical activity was determined by the physical activity assessment questionnaire (PAAQ). Results: Only the EMG values on the right SCM muscles of the CM group was found significantly higher than stretching group (p=0.003). The relationship between EMG-BF, PT values and PAAQ was examined. Conclusions: Self-stretching is more effective than CM in providing muscle relaxation. Physical activities (especially steps, sitting at home working and school activities) particularly affect neck pain and SCM muscle.