1. An experiment was conducted with 360 Lohmann LSL-Classic White Leghorn layers (64 weeks old) to evaluate the effects of supplementation of microbial phytase on production, egg quality, bone, selected manure parameters and feed costs. 2. Experimental diets were formulated as follows: (1) maize-soybean (CS), (2) CS+300 units of phytase (FTU)/kg diet which was formulated to recoup only calcium and available phosphorus equivalency for phytase (CS+PHYCa+P), (3) CS+300 FTU/kg diet which was formulated to recoup total nutrient equivalency for phytase (CS+PHYtotal), (4) CS+100 g/kg distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), (5) DDGS+300 FTU/kg diet which was formulated to recoup only calcium and available phosphorus equivalency for phytase (DDGS+PHYCa+P), or (6) DDGS+300 FTU/kg diet which was formulated to recoup total nutrient equivalency for phytase (DDGS+PHYtotal). 3. Each dietary treatment was assigned to 4 replicate groups with 3 cages and 5 hens per cage. The hens were provided with feed and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. 4. CS+PHYCa+P, CS+PHYtotal, DDGS+PHYCa+P and DDGS+PHYtotal diets supplemented with phytase provided similar percentage egg production, egg weight, egg mass, exterior egg quality, initial and final body weight compared with phytase-free diets. 5. However, supplementation of phytase to the experimental diets and calculation of the total nutrient equivalency for enzyme caused increased feed intake and decreased feed conversion ratio and Haugh unit. 6. No differences in manure dry matter, crude ash, total nitrogen, tibia crude ash, calcium and phosphorus contents were found among the experimental diets. On the other hand, manure total phosphorus content was significantly decreased in the DDGS diet and diets supplemented with phytase in comparison to the CS diet. 7. It was concluded that the addition of microbial phytase to the CS-based diets or diets with DDGS of hens in late lay and using Ca and available P equivalency of enzyme in feed; formulation may provide an economic benefit and decrease the amount of phytate P excretion in the manure without compromising production and egg quality parameters.

The aim of this study was to determine effects of different dietary rosemary essential oil levels on growth performance, carcass traits and haematological values of breeder chukar partridge. Eighty (60 females and 20 males), 32-week-old breeder chukar partridge were randomly divided in five treatments, with four replicate pens with 4 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated according to rosemary essential oil inclusion rates 0 mg/kg, 24 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg, 72 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The chukar partridges had free access to ad libitum feed and water. At the end of the trial, 1 male and 1 female partridge were slaughtered for blood analysis. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain between the control and treatment groups. Dietary rosemary essential oil supplementation did not affect blood serum glucose, urea, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in breeder Chukar partridges. It could be concluded that supplementing rosemary essential oil into Chukar partridges diet show no negative effect on growth performance.

Background: This study was carried out to determine the effect of addition of 1% dietary garlic and onion powder on the internal and external quality characteristics and chemical and fatty acid composition of Chukar partridges eggs. Methods: A total of 240 Chukar partridges with 60-week age was assigned to four dietary treatment group: control, 1% onion powder, 1% garlic powder and garlic onion powder, respectively. Totally, 92 eggs obtained from partridges were used for the study. Result: The addition of onion powder had significant effect on yolk weight (P less than 0.05). Supplementation of the diets with garlic and onion powder did not significantly affect quality traits of chukar eggs (P greater than 0.05). Moisture, ash and protein contents and 16 fatty acid composition of chukar eggs were not statistically affected by the addition of garlic and onion powder either. In conclusion, the addition of 1% dietary garlic and onion powder did not cause a significant change in the internal and external quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of the Chukar partridge eggs. Increasing the rate of garlic and onion powder to the chukar ration may cause some significant differences on the egg parameters.

ÖzetBu araştırma, mısır yerine farklı seviyelerde tritikale kullanılan yemlerde enzim kullanılmamasının etlik piliçlerin verim performansı üzerine nasıl bir etki yaptığını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmış 1 günlük yaşta toplam 960 adet Ross 308 (480 erkek ve 480 dişi) etlik civciv materyal kullanılmıştır. Deneme, 4 oda içinde 3 yem muamelesi 4 tekerrürlü olmak üzere toplam 48 alt grupta yürütülmüştür. Yemler başlangıç (%23 HP ve 3000 Kcal/kg ME), büyütme (%21 HP ve 3175 Kcal/kg ME) ve bitirme yemi (%20 HP ve 3225 Kcal/kg ME) olarak hazırlanmıştır. Besleme dönemleri sırasıyla 0-11., 12-28. ve 29-42. günlerde ve %100 mısır (M, kontrol) ve %100 tritikale (T) ile mısır+tritikale (MT) gruplarından oluşmuş ve sırasıyla dönemlere göre mısır ve tritikale gruplarında %50, 55 ve 58 oranlarında; MT guruplarında ise % 25, 27.5 ve 29 oranlarında tritikale ve mısır karışımı kullanılmıştır. Yemlere fitaz dâhil hiçbir enzim eklenmemiştir. Canlı ağırlık (CA) yem tüketimi (YT), yem değerlendirme katsayıları (YDK) ve yaşama gücü ölçümleri haftalık olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, enzim ilave edilmeden mısır yerine tritikale kullanımının etlik piliçlerin verim performansı (CA, YT ve YDK) üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Deneme sonu M grubunun (kontrol) CA'sı (2042.47) T grubundan (1304.56) %36; MT gurubundan ise (1908.82) %6.5 daha ağır bulunmuştur. Deneme sonu YT ve YDK'lar sırasıyla M grubunda (4089.29; 2.24 ); T grubunda (2584.38; 2.20); MT gurubunda ise (3627.0; 1.89 ) bulunmuştur. Yaşama gücü, muamelelerden etkilenmemiştir. Etlik piliç yemlerine fitaz dahil hiçbir enzim kullanmadan %50-58 oranında tritikale ilavesi sonucunda ilk 4 hafta içinde çok önemli gelişme gerililikleri görülmüştür. Etlik piliçlerden optimum verim alabilmek için tritikale fitaz dahil başka bir enzim ilave edilmeksizin ilk 4 hafta içinde tek başına yemlere karıştırılması tavsiye edilmemelidir. Ancak, broyler yemlerinde hiç enzim kullanılmamış olsa bile, tritikalenin %50 oranında mısır ile yarı yarıya karıştırılarak verilmesi durumunda mısırın ilk 4 hafta içinde tritikale kullanımından kaynaklanan gelişme geriliklerini telafi edebilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.