In patients enduring penetrating trauma in the close vicinity of major vascular structures, a detailed history-taking and physical examination should be performed along with auscultation. The endovascular approach may represent the initial choice of management because of its lower rate of complications, noninvasive nature, decreased in-hospital costs, and decreased loss of work productivity. However, surgery is still unavoidable option in a significant proportion of patients who are either hemodynamically unstable, contraindicated for endovascular treatment, or in whom endovascular treatment was unsuccessful.

Background Etiology of the varicose veins is still partly known. It has been proposed that varicose veins formation might be a cause of the oxidative stress and/or cause from genetical reasons. Method The levels of antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and an oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde, were measured in saphenous vein samples of varicose veins patients. Additionally, genetical polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 has been studied. Result In this study, measurements revealed significant increase in catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the patient group, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and comparison of the null mutation frequency in the glutathione S-transferase theta-1 gene did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusion We propose that the increase in catalase and malondialdehyde activities in our patient group may be related to each other. Increase in catalase levels, an antioxidant enzyme might be a compensatory response to the increase in malondialdehyde levels, an oxidative molecule.

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate carotid restenosis in 2-year follow-up in diabetic and nondiabetic patients who underwent standard carotid endarterectomy with primary carotid closure and determine whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for early stenosis for this surgical procedure.Material and methodsWe retrospectively assessed the data of patients who underwent standard carotid endarterectomy with primary carotid closure from the hospital registry and outpatient clinic follow-up between January 2006 and January 2012. The study included 25 diabetics and 25 nondiabetics, in total 50 patients. The control carotid Doppler ultrasonographies and/or computed tomography angiographies of the patients at postoperative 1, 6, 12, and 24 months were examined and a stenosis rate between 70% and 99% was regarded as significant carotid restenosis.ResultsWhen the diabetic and nondiabetic group patients were compared for early carotid restenosis at 2 years, there were 3 (12%) patients in the diabetic group and 4 (16%) patients in the nondiabetic group with restenosis. A statistically significant difference in early carotid restenosis was not observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsStandard carotid endarterectomy and primary closure of the artery is a successfully performed surgical procedure in diabetic patients. We concluded that diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for early restenosis in the diabetic patient population according to the results of our research.

Aneurysmal dilatation and progressive enlargement of one of the sinuses of Valsalva, most often occurs on the site of right coronary sinus and normally goes undetected during life until its rupture. Rarely, the aneurysm presents with evidence of obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, aortic insufficiency, conduction abnormalities, or coronary artery compression in the absence of rupture. The biggest size in the literature of aneurysm was reported as 8 cm. In this case report, we present successful surgical repair of 10 cm large sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with Bentall procedure.

BACKGROUND: The venous disease of the legs is a common disease among adults that may lead to a deterioration in the structure and concentration of biomolecules. N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Ablation Surgery (NBCA) or cyanoacrylate embolization (CAE) technique to adhesive the saphenous vein is an alternative method for the treatment of venous disease. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to show what kind of changes occurs after CAE surgery using FTIR spectroscopy combined chemometrics. We compared before and after surgery blood sera of patients to find whether a correlation between spectral data and laboratory indexes. We studied the blood sera of those who suffered from varicose veins and treated them by CAE technique. METHODS: In order to examine the molecular profiles in blood sera who underwent the CAE technique of the great saphenous vein for the treatment we used Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy of blood samples of patients before and after surgery as a fast diagnostic technique. To obtain information about the spectra variation among the types of samples Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for fingerprint, amide II with amide I regions. To find normality among variations Partial Least Square P-P plot of residual was performed. RESULTS: Absorbance values were statistically significant only in amide II, amide I, and OH vibrations. In the blood collected before surgery, higher peaks area of α-helix and β-harmonica were noticed. However, in both groups of samples, a higher amount of β-harmonica was visible. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the value of white blood cells (WBC) correlate with absorbance at 2858 cm-1 wavenumber. Moreover, a correlation between neutrophil (NEU) and OH vibrations, and between hematocrit (HCT) and 1082 cm-1, were found. Furthermore, a high correlation Platelets (PLT) and FTIR peak at 1165 cm-1, was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: This methodology suggests with PCA analysis CAE caused structural and quantitative chemical changes in blood samples of patients.