Background. Febrile seizures are the most common childhood seizure disorder, occurring in 3 to 15% of children. The present study investigated the laboratory parameters in children admitted with febrile seizure and those with fever without localized sign (FWLS) in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. Methods. Demographic and clinical data of all patients admitted to the pediatric ward of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia from 2015 to 2020 with febrile seizure and fever without localized sign (FWLS) were collected. Levels of BUN, creatinine, blood sugar, sodium, potassium , calcium , C reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, hematocrit, platelets, ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ) and UA (urine analysis) and UC(urine cuiture), test results were also extracted from patients' file. Finally, the data extracted were compared between patients with febrile seizure and fever without localized sign (FWLS) cohort. Results. In this study, a total of 425 people were included, of which 185 were in the Febrile seizures group (case) and 240 were in the fever without localized sign (FWLS) (control) cohort, with 220 (51.8%) being male and 205 (48.2%) female. The mean age for all subjects was 20.62 ±4.84 months. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean levels of BUN (P=0.041), creatinine (P=0.006), ESR (P<0.001) and CRP (P<0.001); The mean levels of BUN and creatinine in patients with febrile seizures were significantly higher than patients with fever without localized sign (FWLS) and the mean ESR and CRP in patients with fever without localized sign (FWLS) were significantly higher than patients with febrile seizures. Conclusion. There is a significant difference in BUN, creatinine, ESR and CRP levels between patients with febrile seizure and fever without localized sign (FWLS), which can be used to predict the course of fever in children. Practical Implications. None of the laboratory parameters predict the onset of fever and seizures following a simple fever.

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children who are also at risk of metabolic bone diseases. In this study the effect of supplementary use of vitamin D3 was assessed on serum levels of vitamin D3 in patients with nephrotic syndrome receiving steroid therapy. Methods: Thirty children with nephrotic syndrome were included in this study. After obtaining blood samples to measure 25(OH) D levels, all patients were supplemented with daily doses of Vitamin D for one month. Serum 25(OH) D level was checked again, and these patients were supplemented for another month if they had been recognized with deficiency at the last check. Results: Out of 30 children, 60% were male and 40% were female with a mean age of 6.91 ± 3.34 years. Before intervention, 70% of patients had severe vitamin D deficiency, and 26.7% had mild to moderate deficiency, and none of the patients had normal serum levels of 25-(OH)-D. After one month, only one patient gained normal levels which was not statistically significant (P=0.500). After two months of intervention, 12 patients escaped deficiency but still exhibited insufficient levels followed by 8 people with deficiency, and 10 patients reached normal values which was statistically significant (P=0.002). The mean level of 25(OH) D was 8.277±0.84 ng/ mL rising to 14.364±1.14 ng/mL after two months (P=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency in the children with nephrotic syndrome warranting routine surveillance of vitamin D serum levels in these patients. Daily doses of vitamin D in the first month of onset of the disease was insufficient. We suggest that children may benefit from routine measurement of their serum vitamin D from diagnosis and later in follow-up visits so an individual strategy for vitamin D supplementation could be given.