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Los fucoidanos de muchas especies de algas han sido investigados debido a su actividad biológica. Aunque la relación entre estas bioactividades y la estructura de los fucoidanos aún no se ha dilucidado, se ha demostrado que la composición de los monosacáridos, el contenido y distribución de los ésteres de sulfato y el peso molecular juegan un papel fundamental. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una evaluación de cuatro especies de algas pardas de las costas del Golfo Nuevo, como fuentes de fucoidanos. Para ello, tejidos secos de Myriogloea major, Eudesme virescens, Colpomenia sinuosa y Asperococcus ensiformis fueron sometidas al mismo protocolo de extracción. Se compararon rendimientos, composición de monosacáridos, contenido de azúcares, sulfatos, ácidos urónicos y proteínas. Los resultados sugieren que M. major puede ser una fuente de fucoidanos, se escogió uno de sus extractos para realizar su fraccionamiento y, en el futuro, avanzar con su elucidación estructural.

Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides that display a wide array of biological properties and are found mainly in brown seaweeds. These compounds possess interesting pharmacological perspectives for antiviral and antioxidant drug development. Myriogloea major Asensi (Chordariaceae; Ectocarpales) is an endemic brown seaweed from Argentine Patagonia similar to other members of the Chordariaceae family used as a commercial fucoidan source. This alga is a potential resource and the fucoidans obtained from it have not been studied until now. In this work, we studied the chemical composition and the anti- HSV-1, HSV-2 and Bovine Coronavirus, and antioxidant activity of fucoidan extracts from M. major thalli. The dry weights from two pooled extracts represented 42% of the extracted dried biomass. Chemical analysis showed that the extracts contained between 15 and 20% of sulfates and approximately 80% of fucose constituents on their polysaccharides. The total phenolic content was lower than 1% (Gallic acid equivalents) and antioxidant activity was lower than 50% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in both extracts. We demonstrated that in the presence of fucoidan extracts the viral attachment to the cell was reduced by up to 75%; applying its antiviral action to block the viral infection, this way the progeny virus released from host cells was significantly restricted, without affecting cell-to-cell spread or virus viability.