Background/aim: Natural products are popular insights for researchers to investigate promising anti-cancer agents since some of these substances have lesser adverse effects restricting the treatment than traditional chemotherapeutic agents. A well-known monoterpene Carvacrol, widely consumed in Mediterranean cuisine and lower risks of cancer, has efficient anticancer effects. However, the mechanism of action is yet to be discovered. Materials and methods: The investigation aims to illuminate a new perceptive in the role of this substance on colorectal cancer treatment, by the means of differences in a well-defined range of soluble factors. Carvacrol effect on both HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines was evaluated on proliferation and the IC 50 values were calculated by the RTCA xCELLigence device. Then MAGPIX assay was performed to obtain the changes in soluble factors of the cell lines. Results: The Multiplexing assay suggests some of these factors were altered in favor of surviving and proliferation in aggressive cell line HCT-116 whereas they were altered against these characters in HT-29, were correlated with the increased IC 50 concentration of HCT-116 in carvacrol treatment. Conclusion: The current study indicates that differences in the levels of these soluble factors could modulate the anticancer effect related to carvacrol.

Standard treatment for colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in colorectal cancer such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine which is oral form of 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. One of the major challenges in chemotherapy considered as drug resistance. Drug resistance occurs in many different mechanisms such as alteration in tumor microenvironment, growth kinetics, genetic variations, and tumor heterogeneity. These cytotoxic agents are used in combination form to overcome drug resistance on colorectal cancer. They can also be used in combination with cytotoxic agents as bevacizumab and cetuximab. Combination therapy depends on tumor burden, type, stage, and molecular characteristics. It is crucial to choose the combination therapy to be applied by taking these factors into consideration. In this review, current drug resistance mechanisms were discussed and then mechanisms of conventional chemotherapy related resistance were explained.

Background: Nanomedicine has provided promising tools for the imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) may be useful in enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy, such as radiosensitization, in cancer therapy. Aims: To develop a nanodrug complex containing cetuximab (C225, CTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) conjugated with GNPs and to investigate its cytotoxic effects on oral cavity cancer cells when combined with radiotherapy. Study Design: In vitro cell culture study. Methods: The GNPs were synthesized and successfully conjugated with cetuximab and cisplatin. Cell viability was monitored by the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) single-plate (SP) system in GNP-treated UPCI-SCC-131 cells for 48 hours. Cells with/without GNPs were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays, and colony formation was assayed to investigate the long-term effects of GNPs and the nanodrug complex after irradiation on radiotherapy-resistant oral cavity cancer cells. Results: The GNPs entered the tumor cells, and GNP–CDDP ( P < .0001) and GNP–CDDP–CTX ( P < .0001) were shown to cause a decrease in cell viability. GNP and GNP–CTX combined with radiotherapy led to greater reduction on UPCI-SCC-131 colony numbers, than radiation alone ( P = .0369) and radiation with free CTX, with sensitizing enhancement ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 9, respectively. Conclusion: The cetuximab and cisplatin-conjugated gold nanodrug complex has a great potential to increase cytotoxicity and overcome resistance to radiotherapy, in the treatment of oral cavity cancer.

Objectives: Objective of this study is to determine the correlation between salivary cytokine concentrations and cariogram value high (C1) and low (C2) experience in people. In this direction, saliva cytokines showed a significant correlation with the patient's caries experience. Patients and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 38 appropriate populations of patients aged between 20 to 57 years old. All patients' DMF (decay/missing/filled) values were higher than 0. Twenty-one caries activity groups (C1) and 17 caries nonactivity groups (C2) patients were collected for this study. Procedures of the clinical evaluation were the collection of saliva samples and oral examination. The whole saliva from 38 patients with C1 and C2 was investigated for the existence of GM-CSF,

Objectives: Objective of this study is to determine the correlation between salivary cytokine concentrations and cariogram value high (C1) and low (C2) experience in people. In this direction, saliva cytokines showed a significant correlation with the patient’s caries experience. Patients and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 38 appropriate populations of patients aged between 20 to 57 years old. All patients’ DMF (decay/missing/filled) values were higher than 0. Twenty-one caries activity groups (C1) and 17 caries nonactivity groups (C2) patients were collected for this study. Procedures of the clinical evaluation were the collection of saliva samples and oral examination. The whole saliva from 38 patients with C1 and C2 was investigated for the existence of GM-CSF, TNFα, IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Results: The study population consisted of 38 subjects with a mean age of 34.76 14.43 years. Likewise, there was a significant interaction between salivary flow rate, S. Mutans number, number of Lactobacillus, number of meals and IL-6, a significant difference in caries activity groups. Conclusion: Salivary cytokines demonstrated significant interactions to caries experience of the patient. Keywords: Salivary, Streptococcus mutans, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Dental caries Erratum Reason: It has been determined there is an lack in the ACKNOWLEDGMENT section of the article ‘Pakdemirli A, Çalıbaşı Kocal G, Kılınç G, Daşkın E, Kemaloğlu H, Başbınar Y, Ellidokuz H. Salivary Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Salivary Bacterial Challenge Effect on Dental Caries: A Clinico-Molecular Cross-Sectional Study. J Basic Clin Health Sci 2020; 1:77-81.’ published in in the first issue of the fourth volume of Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences (JBACHS). The Acknowledgments section that should be included in the relevant article is presented below. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Dokuz Eylul University, Scientific Research Projects (Project Number: 2014.KB.SAG.025).