Abstract:Together with the rapid industrialization of the world, urbanization is also uncontrollably increasing. Such an increase in urbanization exerts the greatest pressure on natural resources, obligating people to live in intense structural spaces and increasing the need for green spaces in cities. Because of the expensive costs of horizontal surfaces being "green", urban places are faced with serious green-infrastructure problems. In recent years, alternatives have been searched for to eliminate such deficiencies. These alternatives, such as rain gardens, green walls (GWs), ecological designs, and green roofs, are commonly included in urban landscape designs. Besides rocky or steep-slope natural green walls (NGWs), natural green covers over buildings, walls, and so forth, structural members are also encountered in urban or rural places. On the other hand, artificial green walls (AGWs) have recently been used as a significant component of urban design. Although the AGWs are able to address various functional needs, they have not yet gained the desired popularity because of construction costs, static loads, constructional damages, and maintenance costs. In addition, such sites are largely left to exotic species with limited ecological requirements; these species are far from meeting ecological functions and resistance to extreme conditions. This study was conducted for a benchmarking assessment of artificial and natural green walls (A&NGWs) with a high potential in urban landscape design not only for esthetics, but also for ecological and economical purposes. Plant species, initial establishment, maintenance costs, and some other parameters of selected GWs were assessed. The study was considered as pioneering research for low-cost minimum-maintenance AGWs to be included in urban landscape designs. It was concluded, on the basis of the present findings, that the GW systems established with natural plant species, rock, and other materials already existing in natural landscapes could be constructed at fairly low costs, and such wall systems could have great ecological contributions.

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Abstract:In this study, grapevine was used as the research material. This plant which epitomizes the opinion that vertical gardens can have a positive influence on human psychology with their beautiful view, e.g., the hanging gardens of Babylon about 2500 years ago. The study in question was conducted in 2016 at Bingol University, Faculty of Agriculture, the Department of Garden Plants research and application area. The offshoot growth was measured in a fertilizer experiment that formed the control, first application (200 g/100 L water, leaf) and second application (100 g/100 L water + 20% leaf + root). Moreover, the plant's footprint in the vertical area was determined. The average offshoot growth of 1103 P American grapevine rootstock in the first and second applications was measured as 61.5 cm and 39.5 cm respectively, and it was 43.0 cm and 51.0 for C American grapevine rootstock. The average growth of 1103 P and 1616 C American grapevine in the control group was determined as 30.6 cm and 32.1 cm. The average growth of both American grapevine rootstocks used in the experiment was determined to be higher for the first and second applications than the controls.

Does pollination with scented Rose genotypes as pollen source affect seed setting? ÖZ Amaç: Gül ıslahında ebeveyn seçimi başarıyı etkileyen faktörler arasında yer alır. Ebeveyn seçimi ve kombinasyonların belirlenmesinde ıslahçının; ploidi seviyesi, ebeveynlerin verimliliği, polen canlılığı, meyve başına tohum sayısı ve tohumların çimlenme oranı gibi faktörleri dikkate alması başarı oranını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, tozlamada polen kaynağı olarak kullanılan kokulu ve kokusuz gül genotiplerinin meyve tutum oranı ve meyve başına tohum sayısı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmada, ana ebeveyn olarak Rosa hybrida L. türüne ait ticareti yapılan iki farklı kesme gül çeşidi (Polar Star ve Black Magic), baba ebeveyn olarak iki kokulu gül türü (Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa odorata cv. Louis XIV) ile melez çay gülleri olarak bilinen Rosa hybrida L. türüne ait iki ticari kesme gül çeşidi (Magnum ve First Red), kullanılmıştır. Tozlama amacıyla 8 farklı kombinasyon oluşturulmuş ve 01 Mayıs-30 Aralık tarihleri arasında kombinasyon başına 20'şer adet melezleme yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada kullanılan bütün ebeveynlerin ploidi seviyelerinin (2n=4x=28) tetraploid olduğu belirlenirken, baba ebeveyn olarak kullanılan tür ve çeşitlerde polen canlılık oranlarının % 52.76-58.92, çimlenme güçlerinin ise % 24.61-45.24 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Tozlamalarda meyve başına en yüksek tohum sayısı 25.67 adet ile Black Magic x R. damascena kombinasyonunda belirlenirken bunu 22,67 adet ile Polar Star x R. odorata cv. Louis XIV kombinasyonu izlemiştir. Meyve başına en düşük tohum sayısı ise 7.00 adet ile Black Magic x Magnum kombinasyonundan elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmada baba ebeveyn olarak kullanılan kokulu gül türleri ile yapılan tozlamaların meyve başına tohum sayısını arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.