At this research, the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum) On Pero Xidase (POX) and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) activities and isozymatic pattern against Gaeumannomyces graminis were studied in wheat plants. Seeds were planted in inoculated soils in 4 treatment groups including Control (C), Mycorrhiza (M), Pathogen (P) and Pathogen- Mycorrhiza (PM). Plants were harvested 17 days after inoculation. POX activities in PM group were significantly greater than control group. Significant differences were not observed between P and C groups. POX activities significantly decreased in M group. PAL activities in M group were significantly greater than other groups. PAL activities in P and PM groups were significantly greater than C group. The appearance of new isozyme was induced in PM group. It is highly probable that induced POX isozymic activity and/or appearance of new isozymes may be responsible for elevated POX activity. Present results showed that the isozymatic patterns of POX were changed by inoculation ofmycorrhiza and/or pathogen. The obtained results from this research is agreement with other researches about the enhancing effect of mycorrhizal fungi on PAL activity. The obtained results from the present research, confirm this opinion that defense related proteins is not induced in compatible interactions or is weak.

Background and objective: Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world and countless mutagenic chemical compound kill millions of cancer patients every year. Scientists are searching for natural foodstuff to prevent cancer. The present paper examines anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects of citrus lemon.Methodology: Human astrocytoma cancerous cell line was cultured in DMEM (Gibco) with FBS10% (fetal bovine serum), L-glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin at 37ºC for two days. Then the samples were treated with citrus lemon juice and biotic potential of cells was examined through the MTT method. Anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects of citrus lemon were studied through back mutation assessment standard method (Ames test). The test was done using Salmonella typhimurium strain (TA100) with the mutation in histidine operon that needs external histidine source. The strain creates the reverse colony in presence of carcinogenic agents (sodium azide). Findings: Based on the MTT method, human astrocytoma cancerous cell line demonstrated significant cellular death compared with the control groups (p<0.01). Ames test showed that the juice prevented back mutation and rate of inhibition, based on the anti-mutagenic effect, of half-ripen and ripen citrus lemon was 71.7% and 34.3% respectively. In addition, the anti-carcinogenic effect of half-ripen and ripen citrus lemon were 83.3% and 50% respectively. Conclusion: Anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects of citrus lemon were examined for the first time. The results showed that in this regard half-ripen citrus lemon was more effective than ripening citrus lemon.