We constructed a Brassica napus genetic map with 240 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs from private and public origins. SSR, or microsatellites, are highly polymorphic and efficient markers for the analysis of plant genomes. Our selection of primer pairs corresponded to 305 genetic loci that we were able to map. In addition, we also used 52 sequence-characterized amplified region primer pairs corresponding to 58 loci that were developed in our lab. Genotyping was performed on six F2 populations, corresponding to a total of 574 F2 individual plants, obtained according to an unbalanced diallel cross design involving six parental lines. The resulting consensus map presented 19 linkage groups ranging from 46.2 to 276.5 cM, which we were able to name after the B. napus map available at http://ukcrop.net/perl/ace/search/BrassicaDB , thus enabling the identification of the A genome linkage groups originating from the B. rapa ancestor and the C genome linkage groups originating from the B. oleracea ancestor in the amphidiploid genome of B. napus. Some homologous regions were identified between the A and the C genomes. This map could be used to identify more markers, which would eventually be linked to genes controlling important agronomic characters in rapeseed. Furthermore, considering the good genome coverage we obtained, together with an observed homogenous distribution of the loci across the genome, this map is a powerful tool to be used in marker-assisted breeding.

Advancements in genotyping are rapidly decreasing marker costs and increasing marker density. This opens new possibilities for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), in particular by combining linkage disequilibrium information and linkage analysis (LDLA). In this study, we compared different approaches to detect QTL for four traits of agronomical importance in two large multi-parental datasets of maize (Zea mays L.) of 895 and 928 testcross progenies composed of 7 and 21 biparental families, respectively, and genotyped with 491 markers. We compared to traditional linkage-based methods two LDLA models relying on the dense genotyping of parental lines with 17,728 SNP: one based on a clustering approach of parental line segments into ancestral alleles and one based on single marker information. The two LDLA models generally identified more QTL (60 and 52 QTL in total) than classical linkage models (49 and 44 QTL in total). However, they performed inconsistently over datasets and traits suggesting that a compromise must be found between the reduction of allele number for increasing statistical power and the adequacy of the model to potentially complex allelic variation. For some QTL, the model exclusively based on linkage analysis, which assumed that each parental line carried a different QTL allele, was able to capture remaining variation not explained by LDLA models. These complementarities between models clearly suggest that the different QTL mapping approaches must be considered to capture the different levels of allelic variation at QTL involved in complex traits.