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Comparing 2D and 3D information layout adjustment tools leads directly to a 3D visual access tool that clears a line of sight to any region of interest.

We propose a new class of multideterminantal Jastrow-Slater wave functions constructed with localized orbitals and designed to describe complex potential energy surfaces of molecular systems for use in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). Inspired by the generalized valence bond formalism, we elaborate a coupling scheme between electron pairs which progressively includes new classes of excitations in the determinantal component of the wave function. In this scheme, we exploit the local nature of the orbitals to construct wave functions which have increasing complexity but scale linearly. The resulting wave functions are compact, can correlate all valence electrons, and are size extensive. We assess the performance of our wave functions in QMC calculations of the homolytic fragmentation of N-N, N-O, C-O, and C-N bonds, very common in molecules of biological interest. We find excellent agreement with experiments, and, even with the simplest forms of our wave functions, we satisfy chemical accuracy and obtain dissociation energies of equivalent quality to the CCSD(T) results computed with the large cc-pV5Z basis set.

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A novel statistical procedure has been developed to optimize the parameters of nonbonded force fields of metal ions in soft matter. The criterion for the optimization is the minimization of the deviations from ab initio forces and energies calculated for model systems. The method exploits the combination of the linear ridge regression and the cross-validation techniques with the differential evolution algorithm. Wide freedom in the choice of the functional form of the force fields is allowed since both linear and nonlinear parameters can be optimized. In order to maximize the information content of the data employed in the fitting procedure, the composition of the training set is entrusted to a combinatorial optimization algorithm which maximizes the dissimilarity of the included instances. The methodology has been validated using the force field parametrization of five metal ions (Zn2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+) in water as test cases.