Aims To see the effects of obesity on risk fracture, bone density (BMD), and vitamin D levels in a group of postmenopausal women, and consider how comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) modifies them. Methods 679 postmenopausal women were grouped into obese and non-obese. Obese women were grouped into those with T2DM and those without. 25(OH)-vitamin D, PTH and BMD were measured, and prevalent fragility fractures were gathered. Results Obese women had higher prevalence of T2DM, than non-obese women. Levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D were lower and those of PTH higher in obese women, BMD values were higher in obese women. Diabetic-obese women had a higher prevalence of non-vertebral fractures than non-diabetic-obese. Multivariate logistic regression model showed association of fragility fractures with age, total hip BMD, BMI and T2DM. Obese women have higher BMD and lower 25(OH)-vitamin D values (and higher PTH) than non-obese, without diabetes. Conclusions T2DM confers an increased risk of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal obese women.

Objetive: Physical activity is a key factor for bone mineral density. Left-handed people exercise more left limbs than right-handed do. The objective of this study was to determine whether left-handed participants have higher values of BMD in the left lower limbs (proximal femur) and right-handed subjects have them higher in the right lower ones. Material and methods: Cross-sectional observational study performed on young and healthy men and women who do not practice any sport activity, and who were divided into two groups according to their laterality, established by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. The bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and the proximal extremity of both femurs was measured in all of the participants using a Hologic QDR 4500 Discovery ® densitometer. Results: From the 122 study participants, 62 were right-handed and 60 were left-handed. Statistically significant differences were not perceived among the participants, nor age-related, or in male-female proportion, body mass index or according to the subjects' lifestyle: alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical activity practiced during leisure time. Left and right-handed participants showed similar values for bone mineral density in the spine and in all the anatomical regions measured (femoral neck, total hip, trochanter and intertrochanter) in the right and left femurs. However, lower BMD values were obtained in all the measured locations of the left femur, compared to the same measurements in the right femur (these differences being statistically significant) when considered all the participants as a whole or when grouping them according to their laterality. Conclusions: Differences of BMD in the measured locations of both right and left-handed participants were not observed. However, the BMD values in the left side were significantly lower in all subjects, regardless of their laterality.