The power line emission (PLE) 50/60 Hz and the Schumann resonance (SR) harmonics were detected by the use of a compact electrical field sensor of length 0.42 m during microsatellite Chibis‐M mission in years 2012–2014. The initial orbit of Chibis‐M has altitude 500 km and inclination 52°. We present the space distribution of PLE and its connections with the possible overhead power lines. PLE has been recorded both in the shade and sunlit parts of the orbits as opposed to SR which have been recorded only in the nightside of the Earth. The cases of an extra long distance of PLE propagation in the Earth's ionosphere and increased value of SR Q factor have been also observed. These results should stimulate the ionosphere model refinement for ultralow frequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation as well as a study on new possibility of the ionosphere diagnostics.

Abstract.A new approach is developed to find the source azimuth of the ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic (EM) signals believed to be emanating from well defined seismic zone. The method is test applied on magnetic data procured from the seismoactive region of Koyna-Warna, known for prolonged reservoir triggered seismicity. Extremely low-noise, high-sensitivity LEMI-30 search coil magnetometers were used to measure simultaneously the vector magnetic field in the frequency range 0.001-32 Hz at two stations, the one located within and another ∼100 km away from the seismic active zone. During the observation campaign extending from 15 March to 30 June 2006 two earthquakes (EQs) of magnitude (M L >4) occurred, which are searched for the presence of precursory EM signals.Comparison of polarization ellipses (PE) parameters formed by the magnetic field components at the measurement stations, in select frequency bands, allows discrimination of seismo-EM signals from the natural background ULF signals of magnetospheric/ionospheric origin. The magnetic field components corresponding to spectral bands dominated by seismo-EM fields define the PE plane which at any instant contains the source of the EM fields. Intersection lines of such defined PE planes for distant observation stations clutter in to the source region. Approximating the magnetic-dipole configuration for the source, the magnetic field components along the intersection lines suggest that azimuth of the EM source align in the NNW-SSE direction. This direction wellCorrespondence to : Gautam Rawat (rawatg@wihg.res.in) coincides with the orientation of nodal plane of normal fault plane mechanism for the two largest EQs recorded during the campaign. More significantly the correspondence of this direction with the tectonic controlled trend in local seismicity, it has been surmised that high pressure fluid flow along the fault that facilitate EQs in the region may also be the source mechanism for EM fields by electrokinetic effect.

The possible effects of technogenic impacts on the ionosphere, with the continuing trend towards its sustainable growth, are unknown today. It is therefore very important and urgent task to conduct statisti cally valid research related to the study of variations of ionospheric parameters due to the influence of pow erful technogenic factors, primarily due to a significant increase of the electromagnetic energy production. In this paper, we discuss new results of observations of electromagnetic fields in the ionosphere at the power lines main frequency of 50 (60) Hz and its harmonics onboard SICH 1M (20041M ( ) and CHIBIS M (20121M ( -2014 satellites. The spatial distribution of the observed phenomena and their connection with possible ground based sources -powerful transmission lines is presented. It is concluded that organization of regular monitoring of technogenic fields may allow continuous control of energy consumption in both the local (within a country or even a powerful consumer) and global scales.

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VARIANT is a joint international space experiment on current density measurements in ionosphericmagnetospheric plasmas. The experiment will be performed onboard the Ukrainian remote sensing satellite SICH-1M, that will be launched in 2000 at the polar circular orbit with the inclination of around 83 ° and altitude 670±30 km. The scientific payload includes three instruments for registration of space current density: a split Langmuir probe, a Rogovski coil and a Faraday cup. The first two of these instruments are dedicated to measure current density variations and the last the particles' fluxes. The equipment also includes sensors for measurements of the electric and magnetic field fluctuations in the frequency range from 0