Forty-one cases of clavicle fracture in newborn babies were examined by both radiographic and ultrasonic methods. No substantial difference has been found between these two modalities. It is suggested that ultra· sound should be the procedure of choice in the diag· C lavicle fracture is the most common fracture in the full-term newborn after vaginal delivery. 1 .2 The clinical signs are typical and include local findings and diminished movement of the ipsilateral arm. Clavicle fracture can be diagnosed by ultrasound. An ultrasound examination of the clavicles and the diaphragm was performed in 41 full-term newborns manifesting the typical clinical signs. METHODS AND RESULTSDuring 1986, 41 full-term newborns were examined in the first 3 days of life because they were clinically suspected to have a clavicular fracture. A chest x·ray and ultrasound examination of the clavicles were performed. The ultrasound examination was done using a sector real-time unit with 6-10-MHz transducers. The newborns were examined in the supine position with their head tilted backwards and their face rotated opposite to the examined side. The ultrasound scans were performed in both coronal and sagittal sections.

One-way-stimulated mixed mother-newborn lymphocyte cultures (MMNLC) from male and female newborns were evaluated and compared shortly after delivery. Newborn sex-correlated differences were observed in the strength of the MMNLC reactivity with responding maternal as well as newborn cells. The reactivity of MMNLC with responding maternal cells from male as compared to female newborns was significantly less inhibited in maternal and newborn serum. The inhibitory effect of maternal serum on maternal and male newborn lymphocytes in MMNLC seems to be correlated to the sex of the previous child delivered and was significantly lower when the present as well as the previous baby were of the same sex, e.g. 2 boys. The results suggest that fetal-male-specific Y-chromosome-correlated histocompatibility antigens may specifically influence the maternal immune response to her fetus.

Case reports 2 Hobolth N, Jacobsen P, Mikkelsen M. Partial trisomy 12 in a mentally retarded boy and translocation (I 2;21) in his mother.

A prospective study was performed comparing bilirubin concentrations in 10 breast fed term infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) to those of 10 breast fed normal term infants. The ,-glucuronidase concentrations in serum and breast milk were assayed in the respective mothers. Significantly higher bilirubin concentrations were noted in the IDM group. figure).In both diabetic and non-diabetic mothers, breast milk j6-glucuronidase concentration was significantly higher (640 (205) and 216 (70) Sigma/units, respectively) than in the serum (p<0 005, figure).Birth weight was not significantly different between the IDMs (3760 (800) g) and the control group (3400 (300) g). The packed cell volume at the age of 24 hours was not significantly different between the IDMs (54 3 (9 4)) and the controls (53-3 (6-6)).The mean (SD) peak of serum bilirubin concentration on the third day of life was significantly higher in IDMs (210-3 (107-7) ,tmol/l) in comparison with controls (123-0 Neonatology Unit,

The cytogenetic analysis of an infant with multiple congenital anomalies revealed a small deletion of the long arm of one No. 11 chromosome: 46XX del 11 (q23‐q25). The main clinical manifestations included: trigonocephaly, flat broad nasal bridge, micrognathia, carp mouth, hypertelorism, low set ears, severe congenital heart disease, anomalies of limbs and external genitalia. In comparison to the previously reported cases of 1 lq‐, the patient presented here had congenital anomalies not described before, including severe affected urogenital system, hypoplasia of the adrenal, accessory spleens and mild hydrocephaly.