A finite element model for the prediction of discrete fracture propagation in rock structures loaded in compression is presented. The model integrates any one of three theories for mixed‐mode fracture initiation; it contains an energy balance algorithm for predicting crack increment length, and incorporates recent developments in finite element stress‐intensity factor computation. The predictions of the model are compared with the observed fracture response of a real rock structure. Results show that the model accurately predicts both stable and unstable fracture progagations observed experimentally.
Summary --Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g --Rdsum~
,Scale Effects in the Determination o[ Rock Mass Strength and Deformability.An extensive literature search was conducted, to investigate the effect of the scale of testing on the measurement of strength and stiffness of rock masses. The results are presented for bearing capacity tests, compression tests, and several types of deformability tests.Field strength values are generally several times smaller than laboratory values. Field moduli generally appear to be between 20 per cent to 60 per cent of laboratory measured moduli.All strength and deformability results reviewed point to the great need for more field tests. Specific suggestions are given.
Maflstabeffekte bei der Bestimmung mechanischer Eigenscha[ten yon Fels.Ein eingehendes Literamrstudium wurde durchgef/ihrt, um den Maf~stabeffekt auf die Festigkeits-und Verformbarkeitsmessungen im Fels zu untersuchen. Es werden Resultate von Plattendruckversuchen, Druckversuchen und mehreren Verformungsversuchen aufgeffihrt. Die in-situ gemessene Festigkeit ist im allgemeinen ein Bruchteil derjenigen, die bei Laborversuchen festgestellt wird. Die Verformbarkeiten in-situ betragen meistens 20 bis 60 Prozent der im Labor erhaltenen Werte. Alle Resultate zeigen, daf~ mehr In-situ-Versuche notwendig sind. Der Autor macht dazu einige Vorschlfige.
L'effet d'dchelle dans les mesures de propridt& mdcaniques des massi[s rocheux.On a fait une recherche bibliographique d&ai!lfie, pour &udier l'effet d'&helle sur les mesurcs de r~sistance et de d~formabilitd des masses rocheuses. On pr6sente des rdsultats concernant les essais de r&istance 5 la plaque, les essais de compression, et plusieurs types d'essais de ddformabilit6 en place.Les resistances mesur6es in-situ sont g8n6ralement une fraction de celles mesur6es au laboratoire. Les d6formabilitds mesurdes en place sont gdn&alement entre 20 et 60 pour cent des valeurs au laboratoire.Tous les r&ultats que l'on a examin~ indiquent la n6cessitfi d'effectuer plus d'essais en place. L'auteur offre un certain nombre de suggestions.
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