The viscosity, density and specific gravity of different brands of cooking oil samples locally sourced for in Makurdi have been measured with respect to change in temperature. The viscosity of the different brands of cooking oil was measured with the instrumentality of Brookfield Viscometer. The density and specific gravity were evaluated using the mass of the sampled oil obtained with the help of the density bottle. The result showed a pattern of rapid decrease in viscosity with increase in temperature for the oil samples, while density decrease is observed to be almost linear with increase in temperature for all samples. Amongst the sampled cooking oils, palm kernel showed the least viscosity of 8.6 Pascal-second when measured at 45.200C. This illustrates that palm kernel oil has a relatively low viscous nature at 45.200C as compared to other samples used in this work but cannot be recommended to be used as lubricants in vehicles in place of gasoline because they have very low viscous nature within temperatures far less than 100 0C.

The yrast state of the Ytterbium, Yb isotopes for the neutron range of 82 ≤ N≤ 180 and lead, Pb isotopes for the neutron range of 98 ≤ N≤132 for the even-even nuclei have been studied using the energies of the first excited state in these nuclei. The nuclear deformation parameters, and the reduced quadruple transition probability B (E2)↑ with other intrinsic parameters associated with the nuclei shape were obtained using a MATLAB code. The results revealed that the Pb nucleus with Z = 82 - which is one of the magic numbers have a more ‘spherically’ nuclei shape at the ground state with small degree of deformation as compared to the nuclei shapes in the Yb isotopes. Our study supports the global predictions of the prolate deformation in Yb isotopes around the neutron range of 90 ≤ N ≤ 112.

The yrast state of the Ytterbium, Yb isotopes for the neutron range of 82 ≤ N≤ 180 and lead, Pb isotopes for the neutron range of 98 ≤ N≤132 for the even-even nuclei have been studied using the energies of the first excited state in these nuclei. The nuclear deformation parameters, and the reduced quadruple transition probability B (E2)↑ with other intrinsic parameters associated with the nuclei shape were obtained using a MATLAB code. The results revealed that the Pb nucleus with Z = 82 - which is one of the magic numbers have a more ‘spherically’ nuclei shape at the ground state with small degree of deformation as compared to the nuclei shapes in the Yb isotopes. Our study supports the global predictions of the prolate deformation in Yb isotopes around the neutron range of 90 ≤ N ≤ 112.

Stream instabilities are widely studied due to their importance in understanding astrophysical phenomena such as acceleration of high velocity of solar wind. In this work, the simulation of electron two stream instability was performed using Vorpal Simulation (VSim) code to explore the kinetic energy of plasma that arises due to the interaction between two counter-streaming electron beams at different velocities as well as different electron densities. The electron beam velocity was varied in the range of 3.58 × 106 m/s - 7.98 × 106 m/s and the resulting kinetic energy of plasma increased from 19 × 10−6J - 210 × 10−6J respectively. Also, increasing the electron density at fixed beam velocity from 1.05 × 1014m−3 - 5.84 × 1014m−3, the kinetic energy was observed to increase from 100 × 10−6J - 200 × 10−6J .However, the kinetic energy of the electron increases more with increasing beam velocity than with increasing electron density. The electric field energy which arose due to the interaction of the streaming beams did not exceed the energy of the beams.