The affective neuroscience personality scales (ANPS) aims to measure brain affective systems with the help of seven subscales: PLAY, SEEK, CARE, FEAR, ANGER and SADNESS, along with a spirituality subscale. From an affective neuroscience perspective, personality is substantially related to constitutional and developmental strengths and weaknesses in these basic subcortical emotional systems shared by all mammals. This study summarizes the standardization of the Turkish ANPS and its comparison to American ANPS norms. The Turkish translation of ANPS has been completed by 890 participants (245 of these composing an adult group and the remaining composing the university students group). 327 students out of this sample also completed a Goldberg-based Big-Five Scales (B5S), which was included in the validation of the Turkish ANPS. The obtained means and intercorrelations of the subscales on ANPS show both similarities and differences with the results attained from the study of Americans with ANPS. Gender comparisons in both cultures are mostly the same, with females having higher scores on SADNESS, CARE and Spirituality. The intercorrelations between Turkish version of ANPS and the B5S are mostly in line with the intercorrelations obtained in the original American study. Based on the results, the Turkish ANPS has sufficient reliability and construct validity. The similarities among the two ANPS studies are discussed in terms of the universal characteristics of basic affective systems, whereas the differences are discussed in the light of influences of cultural norms-as Turkish culture is more collectivistic than American culture which is more individualistic. The results of our study shows the need of carrying out further cross-cultural affective neuroscience researches to observe the influence of culture on the development of basic affective systems.

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Panksepp, the father of Affective Neuroscience, dedicated his life to demonstrate that foundations of mental life and consciousness lay in the archaic layers of the brain. He had an evolutionary perspective emphasizing that the subcortical affective systems come prior to cortical cognitive systems. Based on his life-long work, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) was constructed, and a new neurodevelopmental approach to personality was started. The new approach suggested that personality was formed based on the strengths and/or weaknesses found in the subcortical basic affective systems, which are initially regulated by the mother-infant attachment styles and later by early life experiences. ANPS measured six basic affects: CARE, PLAY, SEEK, SADNESS, FEAR, and ANGER; along with a Spirituality subscale. Up to date, it has been translated to several languages, and these studies confirmed that ANPS is a reliable and valid tool. Based on the observation that these ANPS studies have both universal and culturally specific findings, cross-cultural affective neuroscience (CAN) was initiated in 2012, with the approval of Panksepp. As a new research field, CAN aims to investigate the influence of culture on the regulation of basic affective systems. CAN claims that this influence can be studied by observing the cultural variations in (1) the level of emotional interdependency, (2) the types of reinforced or suppressed affects, and (3) the types of affects that accompany interdependent or independent self-construals. Cross-cultural comparisons of Turkish and American ANPS findings and the results of our first Euro-Asian CAN project among Japan, Turkey, and Germany support these claims. These cultures regulate the basic affective systems in unique ways, while maintaining certain similarities with each other. In a way, each culture has a unique affective personality profile and a specific function in the global affective network. The conclusion of this review shares guidelines, suggestions and ethical codes for future CAN researches.

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