A fentanyl dose of 0.5 micro g kg(-1) is sufficient to decrease predicted EC(50LMA) with minimum respiratory depression and without a high BIS value.

We evaluated the efficacy of clonidine given orally preoperatively for preventing postoperative vomiting (POV) in children undergoing propofol-nitrous oxide anaesthesia for strabismus surgery. Sixty children, ASA physical status I, aged 2-12 years, received diazepam, 0.4 mg x kg(-1) or clonidine, 4 microg x kg(-1) (n=30 each) orally, in a randomized double-blind manner. These drugs were given 105 min before an inhalational induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no POV and no need for rescue antiemetic medication, during 0-24 h after anaesthesia was 67% with diazepam and 93% with clonidine, respectively (P=0.024). No clinically adverse event was observed in any of the groups. In summary, pretreatment with oral clonidine enhances the antiemetic efficacy of propofol for the prevention of POV after paediatric strabismus surgery.

No abstract

Purpose: Clonidine not only stops postoperative shivering and decreases oxygen consumption, but aJso decreases energy expenditure with or without a reduction in shivering during recovery from anaesthesia. It is important to see iF donidine decreases energy expenditure at rest since this may contribute to a postoperative decrease in energy expenditure, The authors tested the hypothesis that oral clonidine decreases energy expenditure at rest, Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Ten volunteers received oral clonidine approximately 5/ag-kg-' (clonidine group), while the remaining 10 volunteers recek, ed placebo (control group). Blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature at the tympanic membrane, sedation score graded From I (alert) to S (sleeping and difficult to be aroused by tactile stimulation) were measured before and at 30-rain intervals for three hours after administration of clonidine or placebo. IMeasurements of energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were made with a head canopy system at one-minute intervals and averaged over I 5 min before, and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 rain after administration of clonidine or placebo.Results: Sedation score increased from I to 3 (median) after clonidine administration. Energy expenditure decreased From 1452 -+ 225 kcaJ.24hr ~ (mean +-SD) at baseline to 1258 +-175 kcal'24hr j at 180 rain after clonidine administration (P <0.0S). Conclusion:This study suggests that oral clonidine at a dose of 5/4g'kg' decreases energy expenditure at rest.Objectif : En plus de prevenir le fnsson postop&atoire et de diminuer la consommation en oxygene, la donidine diminue ta depense energ~tique au moment du r~veil avec ou sans attenuation du frisson. II est important de savoir si la clonidine diminue la depense energ&ique au repos etant donne que cet effet contribue a une baisse postop&atoire de I'~nergie d~pens~e.M&hodes : Vingt volontaires en bonne sante de sexe masculin ~taient assignes al~atoirement a deux groupes. Dix de ces volontaires recevaient environ 5 pg.kg-' de clonidine (groupe clonidine) alors que les autres recevaient un placebo (groupe contr61e). La pression art&ielle, la frequence cardiaque, la temp&ature corporelle et tympanique, le score de sedation cote sur R&sultats : Le score de sedation a augmente de I r 3 (mediane) apr~.s radministration de la clonidine. La d6pense energetique a diminue de 1452 _+ 225 kcal-24h -~ (moyenne ___ ET)initiaJement, & 1285 + 175 kcal.24h-r 180 rain apres radministration de la clonidine (P <0,05).Conclusion : Cette etude suggere qu'au repos, la clonidine orale 5/ag'kg ~ diminue la depense energetique.