During the last decades, the photovoltaic (PV) modules and their associated architectural materials are increasingly being incorporated into the construction of the building envelope such as facade, roof and skylights in the urban centers.This paper analyzes the-state-of-the-art of the PV elements and construction materials which are advertised as BIPV-products at the most important companies in the world. For this purpose 136 companies and 445 PV elements have been investigated and analyzed from a technical and architectural point of view. Also, the study has been divided into two main groups according to industry which producing the product: BIPV-Modules, which comes from the PV modules manufacturers and consist of standard PV-modules with some variations in its aesthetic features, support or dimensions; and PVConstructions Elements, which consist of conventional constructive elements with architectural features intentionally manufactured for photovoltaic integration. In advance for conclusions, the solar tile is the most common PV-constructions element, the Si-crystalline is the most widely used PV technology, and the BIPV-urban furniture is the fastest growing market experienced in recent years. However, it is clear the absences of innovative elements which meet at the same time both the constructive purpose as the quality standards of PV technology.
Thermal characterization of gypsum boards with PCM(*) Dpto. Construcción y Tecnología Arquitectónicas. ETS de Arquitectura (E.T.S.), Madrid (España) Persona de contacto/Corresponding author: oliver_alice@yahoo.es (A. Oliver) Palabras clave: material de cambio de fase, yeso, placa, energía térmica, almacenamiento.
RESUMENEn este trabajo se demuestra la idoneidad de incorporar materiales de cambio de fase en placas de yeso para incrementar su capacidad de almacenamiento térmico. Para ello se evalúa y se compara la capacidad de almacenamiento térmico, de diferentes elementos constructivos cuyo uso y aplicación es similar a la de las placas de yeso: trasdosado y tabique separador.Se ha diseñado y puesto en funcionamiento una instalación experimental que simula las condiciones de contorno que se producen en una estancia donde estén instalados los diferentes materiales y sistemas constructivos. Se ha estudiado la influencia de diferentes parámetros y variables del sistema (temperatura de trabajo, velocidad del aire, presentación de los materiales de cambio de fase, ubicación en el edificio,…), para constituir un sistema de almacenamiento de calor latente, que, complementado con estrategias pasivas (captación solar, ventilación natural), reduzca las necesidades de consumo energético para la climatización de edificios.Se obtiene que las placas de yeso con un 45% en peso de material de cambio de fase es capaz de almacenar en 1,5 cm de espesor, 5 veces la energía térmica de un panel de yeso laminado con el mismo espesor, y la misma cantidad que ½ pie de fábrica ladrillo hueco sencillo, en el rango de temperaturas próximas a la de confort (20-30 ºC), manteniendo las propiedades físicas y mecánicas exigidas en la normativa
SUMMARY
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