No abstract

An important legal point is raised by the cases in which the pledge of faith is recorded. Roger de Mowbray's gage is the fides of himself and of his son (L 21) ; that of William de Norwioh is his own fides and that of Ranulf de Glanvffle (L 48). That of Walter Fitz Robert is his own fides and the plegium of his men, that of Gilbert FoHot his fides and, apparently, a tally (L 76). The debtor, in Maitland's words, ' pawns his hope of salvation.' a Oddly enough, Glanvflle himself, who here pledges his faith for his friend's debt, ' gives us to understand that a plaintiff who olaims a debt in the royal court must produce some proof other than an interposition of faith.' u This doctrine was based on the constitutions of Clarendon (art. 15) : ' Placita de debitis, quae fide interposiia debcntttr, vel absque interposition© fidoi, flint in iustitiA regis.' Now the date of this was 1164, a little earlier, apparently, than that of the Cade document. Ought we then to infer that Glanville had pledged his faith before the Becket quarrel and the consequent ' Constitutions ' had established the principle that this was not a legal security for debt T J. H. ROUTTD. Six Letters of Cardinal Pole to the Countess of HuntingdonTHB following six letters, written by Cardinal Pole to his niece the countess of Huntingdon, have been transcribed from the Carte MS. 78 in the Bodleian library. This is a thiok foKo volume of 696 leaves containing a large number of papers, both copies originals, formerly belonging to the TT»*ttngw family, which hfdd the earldom of Huntingdon since 1520. Though these papers range in date from Edward HI to 1731, they mainly belong to the seventeenth century. They are mostly of a private nature, pedigrees, catalogues of the family deeds, opinions of counsel, and marriage settlements ; but there are a few papers relating to offices held by this family, such u that of high steward of the honour of Leicester. 1 Catherine Pole, the wife of Francis Hastings, earl of Huntingdon, was the eldest daughter of Henry Pole, Lord Montague, and a (0. 00, 90), him&n. ' OUMUTC ' (L 57) dtoald b* * CudaTdn ', Savphan ' Am Suka-TflU'{L mjtiiocJd t» 'daSuktrllla', Hrnlii 'da taint' (L U6) iboold ba 'd« t*ni»\ Wnflaa'daptroa 1 (L 188) •boold b* ' da ptioa', sad Nkbolu 'd* TrMgoo ' (D. IS, 173) ihnild proUbty ba ' da Tnagot'. Tb* nadiD« ' Wtrta o«aa ' (L 180) mtroM pnfnmbla to * kbard eaaa' (L 114). Wa hara pacbtpa ft Unt cd focaifD work in TTvnn * (to tr»iyi.-mf* ' baint oooa tt-jt^i Thomaa ' da lmidi(ai] '. -Saa fpacUlr, oo tbii' inUrpoattcn of faith', TU Bttkwy of S^Utk Urn (1W0), fl. l»5-«. -Ibid. p. 200 (at jt 197). 1 Sae MM Ubb of otntants jnftxad to tha nlmna; iboaW. BaaaaH aad J. P. PnmdaijMtf • nport oo TU Car* MaMuerijitt » ti« flB LO * TlMCita a ttknm to tbt TTlnin at tte oomtm at Hnatfaifdon hi aa osdsiad l^ter boa J. Frjw to Mr. PoTUtop or Jfa. Mcrrii MX ooart with Pol* OaL' SU* Pmptn, Dom^ AdiL, UH7-45, 445. Tb» «mor ol tta eJtndw plMM i* mate ihm jmx 1M7. bet tn Sdw&nb'g nummript eakttdu of ti» Cuto USB. in tha BodMsn, t...

No abstract

No abstract

AT the beginning of April 1658, Charles II‘s most intimate advisers were giving up their hopes of an English rising and a royalist expedition from Flanders backed by Spanish arms. They now turned their thoughts in two other directions. The meeting of the long-drawn-out Imperial Diet at Frankfurt had given the English exiles in the Spanish Netherlands reason to believe that the house of Austria, in order to prevent further French interference in German affairs, would give support to the house of Stuart as a convenient and easy way of embarrassing Louis XIV's ally, Oliver Cromwell. It was also recollected that the Cardinal de Retz and Charles II had already had dealings with each other in Paris in 1652, so that the now-exiled Cardinal was considered as a suitable intermediary to secure Catholic support. When the postponement of the invasion of England was finally decided by the middle of the month, the crestfallen English Royalists were told that their king intended to go to Frankfurt to treat in person with the Electors. The Comte de Marchin, on whom Charles had recently bestowed the Order of the Garter, had preceded him with letters of compliment to the Elector of Mainz and the Spanish ambassador, the Conde de Peñaranda. This plan did not develop very far and, by June, a visit by the king to Spain was being hopefully encouraged by Henry Bennet, the royalist ambassador in Madrid.