Benign polyp with prostatic-type epithelium in the anterior urethra is rare. We present a case of the same lesion accompanied with urethral stricture. A literature review and discussion of this rare entity are also presented.

Unusual mode of renal duplication may be confused with supernumerary kidney. The presented adult female complaining left flank pain had bilateral duplication of collecting system with ectopic opening in one of the left-sided ureter. Since the ureteral opening to the bladder neck resulted in giant hydronephrosis in the upper half segment responsible for her complaint, surgical resection was performed. The duplication of the left renal mass and collecting system was regarded as "unusual" in several points. First, the lower half segment of the left kidney looked a normal complete kidney, because it had upper, middle and lower calices. Second, the lower half segment was located rather superior to the upper one. Third, the parenchyma of the upper segment which was a rudimentary small mass of several grams was separated from the lower one. But the left renal artery was single, which supplied blood to not only the lower segment but also the upper one, and the two segments were connected tightly each other by loose areolar tissue. These facts prevented to categorize this case as supernumerary kidney. This case suggests that there may be many transitional cases between fused kidney and supernumerary kidney.

Congenital neurogenic bladder dysfunction with spina bifida and sacral dysgenesis manifested itself at middle age is reported. A 48-year-old male who had urinary retention and suprapubic cystostomy one year and a half before in another hospital was seen, asking for removal of the cystostomy. He had never had any neurologic or bladder dysfunction in his childhood and adulthood. X-ray examination revealed a bifid spine and sacral dysgenesis, bilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral VUR and urethral stricture. Uroflowmetry showed a severe dysuric pattern (voided volume 5 ml, residual urine 230 ml) and the cystometrogram revealed a hyperactive bladder. Optical urethrotomy for stricture yielded some improvement i.e. recovery of voluntary voiding with large amount of residual urine. TUR of the bladder neck resulted in almost complete voiding. Cohen's antireflux operation yielded favorable improvement of hydronephrosis. The bladder and renal function remained favorable in the follow-up period of about two years. The clinical course of this patient suggested that his bladder dysfunction was due to late manifestation of congenital neurogenic bladder.