In this paper, the corrosion performance of chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete in the presence of the electrochemically injected (ECI) imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt (IQS) corrosion inhibitor was investigated, by using electrochemical measurements and surface analysis. The XPS tests showed that ECI treatment not only accelerated the migration rate of IQS corrosion inhibitor in concrete, but also effectively extracted Cl -ions out of concrete, which is beneficial for preventing the corrosion initiation of the reinforcement; further, a larger current density was related to a faster migration rate of IQS corrosion inhibitor. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the ECI treatment significantly increased the corrosion resistance of the reinforcement. The surface observation of the reinforcement revealed that a less amount of corrosion products formed on the reinforcement surface for specimens with the ECI treatment. The related corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the electrochemically injected IQS to embedded reinforcement were also discussed.