Background The effects of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular disease have not been tested in a dedicated population of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The EMPA-KIDNEY trial is an international randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing whether empagliflozin 10 mg daily reduces risk of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in people with CKD. People with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) were eligible provided they had: (i) an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥20, <45 mL/min/1.73m2;  or (ii) an eGFR ≥ 45, <90 mL/min/1.73m2 with a urinary albumin: creatinine ratio (uACR) ≥200 mg/g. The trial design is streamlined: extra work for collaborating sites is kept to a minimum, and only essential information is collected. Results Between 15 May 2019 and 16 April 2021, 6609 people from eight countries in Europe, North America and East Asia were randomized. Mean age at randomization was 63.8 (SD 13.9) years, 2192 (33%) were female, and 3570 (54%) had no prior history of DM. Mean eGFR was 37.5 (14.8) mL/min/1.73m2, including 5185 (78%) with an eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73m2. Median (Q1-Q3) uACR was 412 (94–1190) mg/g, with a uACR < 300 mg/g in 3194 (48%). The causes of kidney disease included diabetic kidney disease (n = 2057 [31%]), glomerular disease (n = 1669 [25%]), hypertensive/renovascular disease (n = 1445 [22%]), other (n = 808 [12%]), and unknown causes (n = 630 [10%]). Conclusions EMPA-KIDNEY will evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in a widely generalizable population of people with CKD at risk of kidney disease progression. Results are anticipated in 2022.

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INTRODUCTION The latest evidence-based Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Dependence highlight the significant role of healthcare professionals in supporting smokers interested to quit. This study aimed to identify the current practices of healthcare professionals in Europe and perceived barriers in delivering tobacco treatment to their patients who smoke. METHODS In the context of EPACTT-Plus, collaborating institutions from 15 countries (

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