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Piles located in consolidating soil are subjected to indirect loading resulted from the settlement of adjacent soil. Both pile and soil undergo downward movements caused by the axial pile load and surcharge loading on surrounding area. Both dragload and downdrag imposed on the pile are time dependent. The purpose of this research was to analyse and quantify the dragload and down drag imposed on single pile. Effect of pile head load was considered. Shielded and unshielded piles are analysed. Three dimensional nonlinear analyses using ABAQUS 6.12 have been utilised. The research investigates the size of the surcharge loaded area, location of the pile tip and pile head load on the dragload and down drag imposed on the pile. Based on numerical results the study revealed that sacrificing piles, which are unloaded piles, ''hang up'' the soil between the piles in the group and, thus, the vertical effective stress around the shielded pile is reduced. Numerical results proved that an average value of the shear stress mobilisation factor b mobilised along unloaded shielded central pile varies between zero at neutral plane (NP) and 0.27. The long term dragload of the shielded floating pile is about 67% of the long term dragload of unshielded floating single pile. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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This note presents an experimental study concerning a method of improving the bearing capacity of strip footing resting on sand subgrades utilizing vertical nonextensible reinforcement. The test results indicate that this type of reinforcement increases the bearing capacity of subgrades and modifies the load–displacement behaviour of the footing. Key words: bearing capacity, nonextensible reinforcement, loading tests, strip footing, reinforcing element.

This paper presents the results of laboratory model tests on the behavior of a strip footing supported by a single geotextile layer and by a row of soil nails in a sandy slope. A comparison between bearing capacity improvements in the two cases were made and analyzed. Parameters varied include depth of the reinforcing layer, edge distance of the footing, location of soil nail row, and location of the footing relative to the slope crest. Bearing capacity of non-stabilized cases were initially determined and then compared with those of stabilized slopes. Results indicate that stabilized earth slope using a single geotextile layer or a row of soil nails significantly improves bearing capacity of strip footing. This improvement in bearing capacity increases as soil nail spacing decreases. Overall improvement is significantly better when using a single geotextile layer to stabilize earth slope than using a row of soil nails.