RESUMENUn grupo de profesionales en el Perú, conocedores de sistemas nacionales de salud, conformado desde 1975, comenzó un proceso que llevó al país a ser el primero en América del Sur en iniciar la organización moderna de este sistema. El avance pionero que significó la creación del Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud en 1978 ocurrió antes de las reformas de los sistemas de salud en Chile (1980), Brasil (1990), Colombia (1993) y Ecuador (2008. El alentador inicio tuvo vaivenes reformistas permanentes desde entonces, con evolución negativa por falta de una política de Estado. Las características actuales del sistema peruano son el desempeño ineficiente y la discontinuidad, sin evaluación alguna, lo que determina un gran atraso con relación a los sistemas de salud de América. En el siglo XXI se han desaprovechado importantes esfuerzos técnicos para modernizar el sistema y sus funciones. El futuro es preocupante y el papel de las nuevas generaciones será decisivo.
Congenital cataract (CC) is a significant cause of childhood blindness worldwide. CC is a genetically heterogeneous disease because mutations in over 40 genes have been demonstrated to cause the disorder and up to 40% of cases arise from single‐gene mutations. Hence, next generation sequencing (NGS) of deoxyribonucleic acid is a suitable approach for CC molecular diagnosis. In this study, we used commercially available inherited disease NGS panels including 50 CC genes for the genetic diagnosis of 11 probands with hereditary CC. Causal variants were recognized in six families. A novel CRYGC variant, p.(Phe6Ser), was identified in two apparently unrelated families. Two additional novel variants in the crystallin genes CRYBB2 (p.[Gly149Asp]) and CRYGA (p.[Arg48Cys]) were also identified. One family carried the novel p.[Gly8_Leu11del] variant in GJA8, while another family exhibited the previously reported c.2826‐9G>A pathogenic change in EPHA2. Our results illustrate the utility of NGS for diagnosing CC in our population, and our results contribute to expand the mutational spectrum with four novel pathogenic variants in known CC genes.
RESUMEN Las diferencias injustas y evitables en el ejercicio del derecho a la salud coexisten con la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos desde 1948. Algunas causas de la persistente inequidad se infieren después de Alma-Ata, tales como financiación insuficiente, desarrollo de los sistemas nacionales de salud sin adecuada priorización, y desde la década de 1980 concertación económica para introducir el modelo de mercado en salud. En la actualidad en Perú, la salud sigue siendo un ámbito de escasos avances, ostensible inequidad y participación limitada en el desarrollo. Continúan las insuficientes políticas del siglo XX y es recurrente la pérdida de oportunidades, incluyendo la que brinda el incremento del valor de las exportaciones desde hace más de una década. Para una reforma de salud exitosa hacia la equidad y el desarrollo, se requiere concertar una política de Estado, establecer financiación moderna y equitativa del aseguramiento social y terminar con los vaivenes del sistema nacional de salud.
MEGARA is the multi-object medium-resolution spectrograph for the GTC 10m telescope. MEGARA offers two observing modes, the LCB mode, a large central IFU; and a MOS mode composed by 92 robotic positioners carrying 7 fibers minibundles. Microlens are required to fit the GTC f/17 to the f/3 at the fiber entrance, where pupil image is oversized to have a fiber-to-fiber flux variation better than 10%. This tight requirement imposed manufacturing tolerances for the different components and required the development of a gluing station to provide a centering precision better than 5μm. We present the overview of the optical bundles, the gluing station and the final performance obtained during the integration and tests.
MEGARA (Multi Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía) is the future optical Integral-Field Unit (IFU) and Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) for the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). MEGARA has three different fiber bundles, the Large Central Bundle covering 12.5 arcsec × 11.3 arcsec on sky, the Small Compact Bundle, of 8.5 arcsec × 6.7 arcsec, and a Fiber MOS positioner system that is able to place up to 100 mini-bundles with 7 fibers each in MOS configuration within a 3.5 arcmin × 3.5 arcmin FOV. The MEGARA focal plane subsystems are located at one of the GTC Folded Cassegrain focal stations. A field lens provides a telecentric focal plane, where the fibers are located. Micro-lenses arrays couple the telescope beam to the collimator focal ratio at the entrance of the fibers. Finally, the fibers, organized in bundles conducted the light from the focal plane to the pseudo-slit plates at the entrance of the MEGARA spectrograph, which shall be located at one of the Nasmyth platforms. This article also summarizes the prototypes already done and describes the set-up that shall be used to integrate fibers and micro-lens and characterize the fiber bundles.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.