In order to improve the SF in rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiotherapy/capecitabine followed by conservative surgery, the maximum radiation dose to the AS should be limited, when possible, to <20 Gy.
RESUMENTanto los sistemas de planificación como la forma de administración de los tratamientos radioterápicos han cambiado radicalmente desde la introducción de la planificación tridimensional 3D. En la actualidad la planificación de los tratamientos basada en imágenes de tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) es el estándar de los servicios de radioterapia. En los últimos años los aceleradores lineales para uso médico, han incorporando tecnología capaz de administrar haces de tratamiento de intensidad modulada, IMRT. Con esta modalidad se generan distribuciones de dosis altamente conformadas que se ajustan a la forma tridimensional del volumen blanco, proporcionando una cobertura adecuada y una menor dosis a los órganos de riesgo cercanos.El uso de la IMRT rápidamente se está extendiendo entre los centros de radioterapia de todo el mundo. Este creciente uso de la IMRT ha focalizado la atención en la necesidad de un mayor control de las incertidumbres geométricas en el posicionamiento del paciente y un control de los movimientos internos, por ello se han incorporado a los equipos de tratamiento sistemas de imagen tanto planar como volumétrica, que posibilitan una radioterapia guiada por la imagen, IGRT. En este trabajo se presenta una breve descripción de los últimos avances incorporados a la planificación y administración del tratamiento radioterápico. Palabras clave. Radioterapia con intensidad modulada (IMRT). Tomoterapia. Cyberknife. Planificación inversa. Radioterapia guiada por la imagen (IGRT). ABSTRACTBoth the planning systems and the form of administering radiotherapy have changed radically since the introduction of 3D planning. At present treatment planning based on computerised axial tomography (CAT) images is standard practice in radiotherapy services. In recent years lineal accelerators for medical use have incorporated technology capable of administering intensity modulated radiation beams (IMRT). With this mode distributions of conformed doses are generated that adjust to the three dimensional form of the white volume, providing appropriate coverage and a lower dose to nearby risk organs.The use of IMRT is rapidly spreading amongst radiotherapy centres throughout the world. This growing use of IMRT has focused attention on the need for greater control of the geometric uncertainties in positioning the patient and control of internal movements. To this end, both flat and volumetric image systems have been incorporated into the treatment equipment, making image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) possible. This article offers a brief description of the latest advances included in the planning and administration of radiotherapy treatment.
The choice of AA, FF or FA does not impact on IFV although FF treatment takes significantly longer treatment time. Our immobilization device offers enough accuracy and the 5 mm margin may be considered acceptable as it accounts for more than 95 % of tumor shifts. Age is the only clinical factor that influenced IFV significantly in our analysis.
Las características de la radiación constituida por partículas pesadas la convierten en una herramienta muy útil para el uso terapéutico. Los protones, los núcleos de helio o los iones de carbono están siendo empleados con éxito en instalaciones radioterápicas de todo el mundo. En este trabajo se exponen los fundamentos físicos y tecnológicos que convierten a estas partículas en radiación adecuada para atacar los volúmenes blanco, así como las distintas maneras de administrar tratamientos. Posteriormente se describen las principales aplicaciones clínicas que muestran las ventajas terapéuticas en algunas de las patologías más empleadas en centros de protón y hadrón-terapia en la actualidad. En continuo estudio, el uso clínico de partículas pesadas se presenta como una vía de avance enormemente prometedora frente a las tecnologías clásicas, tanto en cobertura tumoral como en reducción de dosis en el tejido circundante. Palabras clave. Radioterapia. Partículas pesadas. Hadrón-terapia. Tumores.
Purpose: The verification of the monitor unit (MU) calculation of the planning system using an independent procedure is a very important issue in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Several methods are used and different software has been developed for this purpose. In our institution MU Check software (Oncology Data Systems Inc.) has been used as a part of the quality assurance procedure to verify the monitor unit calculation of Eclipse 8.6.15 (Varian Medical Systems Inc.) Methods: Treatment plans are determined on the Eclipse treatment planning system to be later exported to the MU Check verification system by creating a uniform plan for a phantom to avoid deflection by heterogeneity. Results are presented for all locations of 150 patients. The algorithm used by Eclipse is AAA and the one for verification calculation software is a modified Clarkssonˈs integration using annular sectors.Results: The results show a match between the monitor units calculated by the planning system and those calculated by the verification system. The main deviations are obtained in more complex plans for specific areas, corrected by a proper choice of the calculation point. These deviations for the full plan are never more than 4% with an average 1.5% and a standard deviation of 1% Conclusions: Although the results are quite good we always use these verification systems in coordination with another method involving direct measurements, but these type of verification may involve a significant reduction in time per patient specific quality assurance. Anyway we consider necessary the verification of the monitor unit calculation as part of quality assurance program in any radiotherapy department.
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