Aims: This study examined the comparative study of otitis media and its antibiotics susceptibility pattern in a cohort of HIV positive and negative patients. Study Design: A survey and laboratory analytical method was employed in the study. While a survey research design was used to sample a total of 110 patients out of a total population of 561,066 living in the study area. Laboratory analyses of the samples collected from the patients were used to analyze the data collected. Methodology: A total of 110 ear swabs were collected, 60 from HIV positive subjects and 50 from HIV negatives subjects with otitis media. Results: From the analysis of the data collected, results showed that 52 (86.7) samples from HIV positive patients and 44 (88%) samples from HIV negative patients yielded bacteria growth. The most predominant isolates from middle ear of HIV positive was Staphylococcus aureus, with total occurrence of 22(42.4%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with occurrence of 12(23%), 7(13.5%), 6(11.5%), 5(9.6%) respectively. The most predominant from HIV negative was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with occurrence of 16(36.4%), 10(22.7%), 8(18.2%), 6(13.6%), and 4(9.1%) respectively. The result of their antibiotics susceptibility test showed that all the bacteria isolates from both subjects were fully sensitive to fluoroquinolones, while a high level of resistance was seen with the use co-trimoxazole in HIV-positive subjects. Conclusion: Bacteria isolates from HIV positive patients were highly resistant to co-trimoxazole as compared to isolates from HIV negative patients that were sensitive to co-trimoxazole. It was also noted in the result that the sensitivity pattern of otitis media to antibiotics differs from HIV positive and HIV negative patients, thus requiring different management approaches.

Aim: This study evaluates the effects of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on cutaneous wound healing in mice. Study Design: Randomized experimental design was employed in the study. Methodology: Probiotic L. rhamnosus was isolated from nono milk using MRS agar media and identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The potent bacterium was subjected to bacteriocin production. Antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was carried out against wound pathogenic bacteria and wound healing effects of the bacteriocins were assessed on mice. 2 mm cutaneous wound was induced on the mice and crude bacteriocin was topically applied on the wounds. White blood cell count was carried out after days 3, 5, 9, and 14. Histopathological analyses were performed after day 14. Results: Crude bacteriocin was effective against wound pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Topical application of bacteriocin showed a faster and better wound healing when compared to positive control groups in P. aeruginosa infected wound model. Histology examination revealed an increase wound healing time in L. rhamnosus bacteriocin treated mice. The crude bacteriocins demonstrated excellent wound-healing activity in skin excision albino mice model. Conclusion: L. rhamnosus bacteriocin had various beneficial actions on wounds. It improved wound healing, inhibited wound pathogens and increase wound healing time.

Surgical wound infections are among the most common healthcare-associated infections as complications associated with them can have a significant long-term effect on the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life for patients. Knowledge on local pathogens and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents are crucial for successful treatment and management of surgical wound infection. This study evaluates the bacterial pathogens present in infected surgical wounds and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. A total of 200 wound swabs from 112 males and 88 female patients of ages from 10 – 70 years with surgical wound infection were collected using clean, sterile swabs and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance profile. Result showed that 142(71%) wound specimens were culture positive while 58(29%) showed no growth on culture media. Majority of the culture positive wounds (90.1%) showed single bacterial growth while the remaining (9.9%) revealed poly-microbial growth. The isolates were found to belong to both Gram-positive 53(37.3%) and Gram-negative 89(62.7%) bacteria. The most predominant isolate from the infected surgical wound was Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus 53 (37.3%), followed by Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa 45(31.7%), Escherichia coli 32 (22.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 12 (8.5%). The result of their antibiotic sensitivity test showed that majority of the wound isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin 126(88.7 %), followed by erythromycin 114(80.3%), gentamicin 109(76.7%) and trimetoprim-sulphametoxazole 103(72.5%). The overall findings on antimicrobial profile revealed high level of antimicrobial resistance from microorganisms isolated from surgical wound infections to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need for adequate intervention to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.