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IntroductionSchizoaffective disorder is a poorly understood disease. In order to better understand it, we have to look at its history. Kraeplin believed that most psychoses could be divided into Dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity, however this dualistic division was strongly contested and several descriptions of atypical psychoses appeared. In 1933, Kasanin proposed for the first time the term schizoaffective psychosis as a variant of schizophrenia. Since then, and up until 1979, 23 definitions of schizoaffective disorder have been counted. Sometimes different disorders have been called by the same name and similar disorders have different nosological names.ObjectivesTo describe the concepts of schizoaffective disorder, focusing on its historical aspects and the evolution of its diagnostic criteria.AimsTo understand schizoaffective disorder by projecting its nosological position in the future.MethodsWe conducted a literature review using textbooks and PubMed.ResultsSchizoaffective disorder is one of the most confusing and controversial concepts of psychiatric nosological entities.ConclusionsAfter more than 80 years since its first definition, the term schizoaffective remains poorly defined. Indeed, there are studies that do not support the theory that schizoaffective disorder is a separate and distinct mental illness. Thus, the description, characterization, and understanding of this nosological entity continue to be a challenge in the field of mental health.

Semantic dementia (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which patients present a loss of meaning of words, objects, and concepts. SD has been linked with alexisomia, as well as somatic symptom disorder (SSD). A 65 year-old patient with a 2-year history of daily episodes of pulsatile head and chest sensations followed by prostration with maintained awareness was diagnosed with SSD. The patient was subsequently admitted into an epilepsy unit to exclude the diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging assessments were consistent with the diagnosis of probable SD. This case report presents a patient whose first manifestation of SD was SSD, thus highlighting the importance of both careful clinical and neurocognitive enquiry, and caution in diagnosing SSD in later life. This case outlines the association between SD and somatic symptoms, providing insight into the nature of alexisomia and the emergence of SSD in SD.

IntroductionParaphilias are rarely diagnosed in the clinical setting, although the estimated highest possible lifetime prevalence is approximately 12% for males and 4% for females. There are various presentations, including transvestism and fetishism. In this regard we present a case report of a 41 year old patient with a clinical picture compatible with Transvestism and Fetishism, whose clinical diagnosis was clinched years later.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to describe a case report whose diagnosis is compatible with transvestism and fetishism.AimsUnderstanding the clinical features of this pathology, regarding a diagnostic and therapeutic improvement.MethodsCase report and bibliographic research on Pubmed e MedscapeResults and ConclusionsTravestism and Fetishism is often under-diagnosed and occurs almost exclusively in heterosexual men and can cause significant distress. Therefore, it is crucial to clinch an early diagnosis in order to start an appropriate treatment.