Abstract. Based on the assumption that major class of rock instabilities are created by discontinuities, a method is proposed to estimate the fracture density by means of a digital elevation model (DEM). By using the mean orientation, the mean spacing and the mean trace length of discontinuity sets potentially involved in slope instabilities and a DEM, it is possible to calculate the mean number of discontinuities of a given set per cell of the DEM. This would allow for an estimation of the probability of the presence of at least one discontinuity in a given area or simply in a topographic cell of the DEM. This analysis highlights sites potentially affected by rockslides within a region. Depending on the available data, the mean number can be calculated either by area, or along a line parallel to the mean apparent spacing. The effective use of the probability of occurrence is dependent on the size of the discontinuities because short and closely spaced discontinuities will have a 100% probability of occurrence in each favorable location. The a posteriori prediction of a recent rockslide is discussed as an example.
A geophysical and geochemical study has been conducted in a fractured carbonate aquifer located at Combioula in the southwestern Swiss Alps with the objective to detect and characterize hydraulically active fractures along a 260-m-deep borehole. Hydrochemical analyses, borehole diameter, temperature and fluid electrical conductivity logging data were integrated in order to relate electrokinetic self-potential signals to groundwater flow inside the fracture network. The results show a generally good, albeit locally variable correlation of variations of the self-potential signals with variations in temperature, fluid electrical conductivity and borehole diameter. Together with the hydrochemical evidence, which was found to be critical for the interpretation of the self-potential data, these measurements not only made it possible to detect the hydraulically active fractures but also to characterize them as zones of fluid gain or fluid loss. The results complement the available information from the corresponding litholog and illustrate the potential of electrokinetic self-potential signals in conjunction with temperature, fluid electrical conductivity and hydrochemical analyses for the characterization of fractured aquifers, and thus may offer a perspective for an effective quantitative characterization of this increasingly important class of aquifers and geothermal reservoirs.Résumé Une étude géophysique et géochimique a été menée dans un aquifère carbonaté fracturé à Combioula dans les Alpes Suisses du Sud Ouest avec pour objectif la détection et la description des fractures actives hydrauliquement sur la longueur d'un forage profond de 260m. Des analyses hydrochimiques, des données de diagraphies du diamètre du forage, de la température et la conductivité électrique du fluide ont été combinées afin de relier des signaux électrocinétiques de polarisation spontanée à l'écoulement d'eau souterraine à l'intérieur du réseau de fractures. Les résultats montrent une corrélation général-ement bonne, bien que localement avec une corrélation changeante des variations des signaux de polarisation spontanée avec les variations de température, de conductivité électrique du fluide et du diamètre du forage. Avec la signature hydrochimique, qui a été trouvée être cruciale pour l'interprétation des données de polarisation spontanée, ces mesures ont non seulement rendu possible la détection des fractures actives hydrauliquement mais aussi de les décrire comme zones de gain de fluide ou de perte de fluide. Les résultats complètent l'information disponible provenant des logs lithologiques correspondants et expliquent les potentialités des signaux électro-cinétiques de polarisation spontanée en liaison avec la température, la conductivité électrique du fluide et les analyses hydrochimiques pour la description des aquifères fracturés et peuvent ainsi offrir une approche pour une description quantitative efficace de cette catégorie d'aquifères et de réservoirs géothermaux d'importance croissante. Détection et description de fra...
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