We report a family of yttrium metallic alloys that are able to form glassy ingots directly from the liquid, as well as forming bulk-sized amorphous rods with diameters over 2 cm by water cooling of the alloy melt sealed in quartz tubes. It is apparent that, in addition to the strong chemical interaction among the components, the simultaneous occurrence of well-distributed atom sizes and a strongly depressed liquidus temperature in multicomponent metallic alloys is responsible for the formation of glassy ingots.

We report that ductile and strong amorphous titanium metallic alloys (∼ twice the strength of high-strength titanium alloys) have been discovered that are in the form of glassy ingots. It is found that the suppression of a competing stable quasicrystalline phase upon solidification is particularly important in forming the current glassy ingots. While there is significant technological potential for these titanium alloys, the present findings have important implications on the design of highly processable bulk metallic glasses.

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We report that binary Ca–Al alloys can be readily cast into amorphous rods of 1 mm in diameter. Upon further alloying to depress the liquidus temperature, the amorphous rod diameter is increased to 3 mm. The high glass transition temperature Tg∼210 °C and crystallization onset temperature Tonset∼240 °C or higher observed are attributed to the covalent bonding trend noted in Ca–Al alloys that exhibit complex network structures. Along with a high microhardness value of 200–235 DPH (diamond pyramid hardness) and low mass densities of 2 gm/cm3, these thermally stable light-metal alloys are recognized as potential structural amorphous metals.