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The aim of the article was to compare sheep meat production in Austria and Poland. The level of sheep population in both countries was similar. The sources of the materials were a literature review and data obtained from Statistics Austria and Statistics Poland. The research period concerned the years 1992–2018. Methods of data analysis were used, such as constant dynamics indicators, Gini coefficient and Lorenzo curve, Pearson correlation coefficients. A number of differences were found, e.g. in the direction of changes in the size of the sheep population, the scale of total slaughtering and industrial slaughtering, the share of self-supply in total meat production, traditional consumption of lamb during holidays, the average carcass weight of sheep, prices of lamb meat, interdependence of the sheep population with changes in economic parameters. The similarities concerned the level of concentration of the sheep population and their regional slaughtering, prejudices regarding the consumption of lamb, the share of lambs in slaughtering and meat production, the productivity of meat obtained from the slaughter of sheep.

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The main objective of the study was to present the price volatility of lamb carcasses in Austria and Poland and an attempt to indicate existing regularities. The article presents prices of lamb carcasses obtained for heavy lambs (live weight 23-40 kg). The sources of materials are data from the European Commission and EUROSTAT. The research period covered the years 2007-2019. For the analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular, graphic methods, dynamics indices with a constant and variable basis, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were used. In Austria, lamb meat prices were definitely higher than in Poland, but also more stable, both on an annual and monthly basis. Seasonal price fluctuations have occurred in both countries. The highest prices occurred in the winter months and the lowest in the summer. The reason was the seasonality of production and consumption. Changes in lamb carcass prices have followed the same direction as changes in the economy. In the case of population, negative correlations were found in Poland, which can be considered consistent with the laws of economics. In Austria, however, positive relationships were found for this parameter.