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Macro-and microomorphological features of Melilotus indicus complex in Egypt were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, these includes embryo and seed characters, anatomical structure of stem and seed spermoderm. In the present study, three varieties were recorded: var. indicus, var. bonplandii and var. tommasinii. of which var. indicus is a new record to the flora of Egypt. The study revealed that morphological, anatomical and seed characters are of taxonomic significance. A key for identification of the varieties was also given.

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The present study aims to describe and characterize the morphology of the embryo and the seedling and their importance in the taxonomy of the studied Trifolium species. Macro and micromorphological studies were carried on 15 Trifolium species using light microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the embryo, seedling with cotyledonary leaves, seedling with first unifoliate and first trifoliate leaves indicated that cotyledon characters such as cotyledon shape; L/W ratio, apex, colour, radicle position; shape, apex; cotyledonary leaves such as hypocotyl colour, blade shape, L/W ratio; first and second leaves (shape, apex base, margin and texture) proved to be useful for identification of different taxa. Numerical analysis is carried out and phenogram illustrating the relationship between the studied taxa was constructed by calculating the average taxonomic distance. Results show a taxonomic significance in the identification and differentiation between the studied taxa. An identification key was prepared based on embryo and seedling morphology.