Despite the curvaceous profile of the acetabulum, orthopaedic surgeons have continued to implant hemispheric cups since the introduction of total hip arthroplasty. The geometric discrepancies between the natural acetabulum and implant can result in painful iliopsoas impingement attributable to prosthetic overlap at the anterior acetabular ridge over which the iliopsoas tendon extends to leave the pelvis. We expanded on previous in vitro observations of acetabular morphology using a large in vivo sample and quantified the dimensions of the psoas valley. We studied computed tomographic scans of 200 healthy hips from 50 men and 50 women. The acetabular ridges were digitized on three-dimensional bone reconstructions and their coordinates were manipulated in spreadsheets to deduce acetabular diameter, anteversion, and inclination and to plot the rim profile. Our results confirm the acetabular rim is an asymmetric succession of three peaks and three troughs. The psoas valley has the following shape distribution: 79% curved, 11% angular, 10% irregular, and 0% straight. The mean depth of the psoas valley is 5 mm and the latitude of its trough is on average 6 mm below the acetabular equator. The use of side-specific cups that replicate the curvaceous acetabular profile could prevent prosthetic overlap and reduce the incidence of iliopsoas impingement.

Placental perfusion and permeability can be measured in vivo by using high gadolinium doses and a dual-echo MR imaging sequence.