We undertook a retrospective study in order to assess the risks and benefits of the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during operative resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eleven patients (nine male and two female with a median age of 62 years, range 28-76 years) underwent extended resection of locally advanced NSCLC using CPB. The indication for the use of CPB was resection of the left atrium (n=4), the aorta (n=3), the pulmonary artery (n=3), or for respiratory support (n=1). No deaths occurred during the first 30 days postoperatively. With exception of one hospital death due to MRSA mediastinitis and local recurrence, all the patients were discharged and returned to their social activities. Two patients are alive with recurrent disease at follow-up 37 and 41 months post-surgery, respectively. Eight patients died due to recurrence and the median postoperative survival time was 269 days (range: 112-1132 days). One patient who had no evidence of recurrence died of aspiration pneumonia 10 months after surgery. CPB is a safe and effective tool for use during extended resection of locally advanced NSCLC. However, careful consideration for the risk/benefit ratio should be required when assessing the indication for surgical intervention.

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