RESUMENSe present a un enfoqu e panorâmic o d e estúdios epidemiológicos , clínico s y experimentales referente s a Loxoscele s laet a y loxoscelism o efectuado s e n 1955-198 8 en Santiago , Chile .Se estudiaro n 21 6 caso s d e loxoscelismo . Los hechos más relevante s fueron : 52,8 % correspondió a mujeres; eda d entre 7 meses y 7 8 anos; 84,3 % fu é loxoscelismo cutâne o (LC) y 15,7 % loxoscelism o cutáneo-viscera l (LCV) ; 73,6 % sucedi ó e n époc a calurosa ; en 86,6 % e l accidente ocurri ó e n l a vivienda, especialment e e n dormitórios , mientra s la person a dormia o s e vestia. La arah a fu é vist a e n 60,2 % d e lo s caso s e identificad a en laboratório com o L . laeta e n 17,7 % (10,6 % d e lo s 21 6 casos) . Lo s sitios más frecue n temente afectado s fuero n Ia s extremidades co n 67,6% , lancetazo urent e fu é e l sintoma inicia l má s frecuente . Dolor , edem a y plac a livedoide , l a cua l posteriorment e se transformari a e n escar a necrótica , fuero n la s manifestacione s locale s predominantes. E n LCV hematuri a y hemoglobinuri a fuero n constantes , ictericia , fiebr e y compromiso d e concienci a s e presentaron e n l a mayorí a d e lo s casos .Tratamiento: L C co n antihistamínico s o corticoide s inyectables , LCV con corticoides inyectables .La condició n d e lo s paciente s e n e l últim o contro l fué : curació n complet a e n 75,5%, curació n co n secuel a cicatriza i e n 8,3% , muert e e n 3,7 % (todo s co n LCV ) y abandon o e n 12,5 % . El loxoscelism o e n Chil e e s causado po r Loxosceles laeta 12 2 1 4 2 44 , espéci e habitualment e doméstica, d e colo r pardo-caf é má s oscur o e n el abdomen , cuy o cuerp o mid e 8-1 5 mm , mie n tras qu e su s patas mide n 8-3 0 mm (Fig . 1) .

Both regimens showed a good clinical efficacy, but CyA seems to be a better glucocorticoid-sparing agent than AZA.

No abstract

A series of already published and unpublished seroepidemiological surveys for toxoplasmosis, carried out in Chile in 1982-1994, is reviewed, expanded and analyzed. The surveys included 76,317 apparently healthy individuals of different ages (0.57% of the country's total population), from 309 urban and rural-periurban localities. Urban groups were integrated by blood donors, delivering mothers and middle grade schoolchildren, while rural-periurban individuals corresponded to unselected family groups. Blood samples were collected in filter paper. The presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The test resulted positive in 28,124 (36.9%) of the surveyed people. Two hundred and six (0.3%) individuals presented IHAT titers > or = 1000, probably corresponding to acute or reactivated infections. A progressive increase of positive IHAT from northern to southern regions of the country was noted, phenomenon probably related to geographical conditions and to a higher production and consumption of different types of meat in the latter regions. It is postulated that ingestion of T gondii cysts by humans is epidemiologically as important as ingestion of oocysts. The result presented stress the epidemiological importance of toxoplasmosis in humans, and warn about eventual implications in immunocompromised patients and in transplacental transmission, organ transplants and transfusions.

(Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137: 1333-40).